Method and system to synchronize acoustic therapy with ultrasound imaging

Interference in ultrasound imaging when used in connection with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is avoided by employing a synchronization signal to control the HIFU signal. Unless the timing of the HIFU transducer is controlled, its output will substantially overwhelm the signal produced by ultrasound imaging system and obscure the image it produces. The synchronization signal employed to control the HIFU transducer is obtained without requiring modification of the ultrasound imaging system. Signals corresponding to scattered ultrasound imaging waves are collected using either the HIFU transducer or a dedicated receiver. A synchronization processor manipulates the scattered ultrasound imaging signals to achieve the synchronization signal, which is then used to control the HIFU bursts so as to substantially reduce or eliminate HIFU interference in the ultrasound image. The synchronization processor can alternatively be implemented using a computing device or an application-specific circuit

Fabrication of two flow phantoms for Doppler ultrasound imaging

Flow phantoms are widely used in studies associated with Doppler ultrasound measurements, acting as an effective experimental validation system in cardiovascular related research and in new algorithm / instrumentation development. The development of materials that match the acoustic and mechanical properties of vascular system are of great interest while designingflow phantoms. Although recipes that meet the flow phantom standard defined by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61685 are already available in the literature, standard procedure of material preparations and phantom fabrications have not been well established. In this study, two types of flowphantom, with and without blood vessel mimic, are described in details in terms of the material preparation and phantom fabrication. The phantom materials chosen for the two phantoms are from published phantom studies and their physical properties have already been investigated previously. Both flow phantoms have been scanned by ultrasound scanners and images fromdifferent modes are presented. These phantoms may be used in the validation and characterization of Doppler ultrasound measurements in blood vessels with diameter above 1 mm

User involvement and desired service developments in drug treatment: Service user and provider views

Aims - To investigate the existing level of user involvement at selected agencies, to examine views about user involvement from both service-user and provider perspectives and to compare desired service developments. Design/Measurements - As part of a larger project, a series of semi-structured interviews was carried out between 2001 and 2003. Setting - Community-based drug services in Northern England. Participants - Service users (46) and service providers (51). Findings - Overall, the level of service-user involvement was low, with 16% of services having no user involvement at all. Nevertheless, service users expressed a desire for a high level of user involvement, compared with the low aspirations expressed by service providers. Service users' first priority for desired service developments was reduced waiting times, whereas service providers wished for increased provision of complementary therapies. Conclusions - The study highlighted important discrepancies regarding both desired level of user involvement and priorities for service developments between service users und providers. Given the current policies in this field and evidence that user involvement and closer partnerships between users and providers enhances treatment effectiveness, this lack of concurrence might be of major concern and working towards better understanding and balancing users' and providers' needs is highly recommended

SlimFS: a thin and unobtrusive file system for embedded systems and consumer products

It is common place for embedded systems and consumer products to contain flash memory for nonvolatile storage. While there are many applications that require the data stored in the flash memory to be in a given structure enabling the data to be externally accessed, there are also many embedded consumer applications where the content of the flash memory is only accessed locally. In this case, the local application can benefit from having a minimized bespoke file system optimized for the application, resulting in lower power and faster access speed than using public file systems. This paper analyses the overhead in using the commonly used File Allocation Table File System (FatFS), and proposes a significantly faster, smaller footprint, and hence lower power file system, termed SlimFS. The work has clear applications to low power embedded consumer applications, specifically battery driven wearable devices for healthcare and ‘green’ electronic systems

Variability in concentrations of potentially toxic elements in urban parks from six European cities

Use of a harmonised sampling regime has allowed comparison of concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc in six urban parks located in different European cities differing markedly in their climate and industrial history. Wide concentrations ranges were found for copper, lead and zinc at most sites, but for chromium and nickel a wide range was only seen in the Italian park, where levels were also considerably greater than in other soils. As might be expected, the soils from older cities with a legacy of heavy manufacturing industry (Glasgow, Torino) were richest in potentially toxic elements (PTEs); soils from Ljubljana, Sevilla and Uppsala had intermediate metal contents, and soils from the most recently established park, in the least industrialised city (Aveiro), displayed lowest concentrations. When principal component analysis was applied to the data, associations were revealed between pH and organic carbon content; and between all five PTEs. When pH and organic carbon content were excluded from the PCA, a distinction became clear between copper, lead and zinc (the "urban" metals) on the one hand, and chromium and nickel on the other. Similar results were obtained for the surface (0-10 cm depth) and sub-surface (10-20 cm depth) samples. Comparisons with target or limit concentrations were limited by the existence of different legislation in different countries and the fact that few guidelines deal specifically with public-access urban soils intended for recreational use

Practical applications of multi-agent systems in electric power systems

The transformation of energy networks from passive to active systems requires the embedding of intelligence within the network. One suitable approach to integrating distributed intelligent systems is multi-agent systems technology, where components of functionality run as autonomous agents capable of interaction through messaging. This provides loose coupling between components that can benefit the complex systems envisioned for the smart grid. This paper reviews the key milestones of demonstrated agent systems in the power industry and considers which aspects of agent design must still be addressed for widespread application of agent technology to occur