A cognitive counseling for a student with weakness in mathematics: Utilizing external resources.

This study is a case report of the cognitive counseling for a student who has difficulty with calculation and solving word problems. The boy was a six year student. It was difficult for him to calculation and solve word problems. He didn’t know how to calculate and solve word problems. Therefore he tried to calculate and solve ward problem by only his head so he often made careless mistakes. It seemed that he has poor working memory. To support his troubles, we used diagrams as an external resource for his thinking about meaning of the problems. In addition, we used the card that showed points to be paid attention to in the process of solving the problems. Our supports improved his performances of calculation and solving word problems, and he came to draw diagrams by himself when he solves word problems

Observational signatures of forming young massive clusters: continuum emission from dense HII regions

Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most massive star clusters forming in nearby galaxies and are thought to be a young analogue to the globular clusters. Understanding the formation process of YMCs leads to looking into very efficient star formation in high-redshift galaxies suggested by recent JWST observations. We investigate possible observational signatures of their formation stage, particularly when the mass of a cluster is increasing via accretion from a natal molecular cloud. To this end, we study the broad-band continuum emission from ionized gas and dust enshrouding YMCs, whose formation is followed by recent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We perform post-process radiative transfer calculations using simulation snapshots and find characteristic spectral features at radio and far-infrared frequencies. We show that a striking feature is long-lasting, strong free-free emission from a $\sim$ 10pc-scale HII region with a large emission measure of $\gtrsim 10^7 \mathrm{cm}^{-6} \ \mathrm{pc}$, corresponding to the mean electron density of $\gtrsim 10^3~\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$. There is a turnover feature below $\sim$ 10 GHz, a signature of the optically-thick free-free emission, often found in Galactic ultra-compact HII regions. These features come from the peculiar YMC formation process, where the cluster's gravity effectively traps photoionized gas for a long duration and enables continuous star formation within the cluster. Such large and dense HII regions show distinct distribution on the density-size diagram, apart from the standard sequence of Galactic HII regions. This is consistent with the observational trend inferred for extragalactic HII regions associated with YMCs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Impact of cognitive counseling among undergraduate trainee teachers: Analysis of change in responses of participants.

In recent years, teachers have been required to possess high level of expertise, such as acquiring practical teaching skills alongside offering psychoeducational services. In order to develop such expertise, any knowledge acquired need to be put to practice. This study investigated the impact of cognitive counseling on university students who wanted to become teachers. A quantitative test analysis was carried out on free description answers, and an exploratory study was conducted. As a result, it became clear that trainee teachers’ experience of cognitive counseling helped them to think about supporting children in becoming “self-organized learners.” However, little mention was made of the psychological knowledge necessary for cognitive counseling. Further guidance is needed to understand how to apply such knowledge practically.本研究の一部は平成27年度広島大学教育学研究科研究科長裁量経費の補助を得て行われた

Spectra of pulsating aurora emissions observed by an optical spectrograph at Tromso, Norway

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OS] Space and upper atmospheric sciences, Wed. 4 Dec. /Entrance Hall (1st floor) at National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR

Variations of cosmic noise absorption (CNA) by energetic electron precipitation (EEP) and changes of the auroral morphology

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OS] Space and upper atmospheric sciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / Institute of Statistics and Mathematics (ISM) Seminar room 2 (D304) (3rd floor

OpenPLC based control system testbed for PLC whitelisting system

This paper proposes a security testbed system for industrial control systems. In control systems, controllers are final fortresses to continue the operation of field systems. Then, we need countermeasures of controllers. The whitelisting function is efficient in controller security. The whitelisting function registers normal operations in a list and detects unregistered operations as abnormal. We need a testbed system to check whether the whitelist function does not affect other functions of the controller. The industrial controller and its engineering tool are relatively expensive, and are customized with respect to controller vendors. To enhance the whitelist development, this study proposes a testbed system using OpenPLC which is an open-source software. This system is independent of controller vendors and is applicable for controller programming languages. We implement a whitelist based anomaly detection method for the testbed system and validate that the anomaly detection method operates correctly

Spatial Evolution of Wave‐Particle Interaction Region Deduced From Flash‐Type Auroras and Chorus‐Ray Tracing

In-situ observations of spatial variations of the wave-particle interaction region require a large number of satellite probes. As an alternative, flash-type auroras, a kind of pulsating aurora, driven by discrete chorus elements, can be used to investigate the interaction region with a high spatial resolution. We estimated the spatial extent of wave-particle interaction region from ground-based observations of flash aurora at Gakona (62.39°N, 214.78°E), Alaska at subauroral latitudes, and found that the auroral expansion was predominantly to the low-latitude side. The spatial displacement is thought to be caused by the propagation effects of chorus waves in the magnetosphere. Using ray tracing analysis to take into account chorus wave propagation, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal evolution of the volume emission rate and confirmed that the predominant expansion is toward the lower-latitude side in the ionosphere. This study shows that chorus wave propagation in the magnetosphere gives new insight for characterizing the transverse size (across the geomagnetic field line) of wave-particle interaction regions. The calculated spatial scale of the column auroral emission shows a correlation with the magnetic latitude of the resonance region at magnetic latitudes within 10° of the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere. Our results suggest that the spatial scale of a flash aurora is indirectly related to the chorus amplitude because the latitudinal range of the wave-particle interaction is important for the growth of wave amplitude

GSK3-mediated raptor phosphorylation supports amino acid-dependent Q2 mTORC1-directed signalling

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a ubiquitously expressed multimeric protein kinase complex that integrates nutrient and growth factor signals for the co-ordinated regulation of cellular metabolism and cell growth. Herein, we demonstrate that suppressing the cellular activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), by use of pharmacological inhibitors or shRNA-mediated gene silencing, results in substantial reduction in amino acid (AA)-regulated mTORC1-directed signalling, as assessed by phosphorylation of multiple downstream mTORC1 targets. We show that GSK3 regulates mTORC1 activity through its ability to phosphorylate the mTOR-associated scaffold protein raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) on Ser(859). We further demonstrate that either GSK3 inhibition or expression of a S859A mutated raptor leads to reduced interaction between mTOR and raptor and under these circumstances, irrespective of AA availability, there is a consequential loss in phosphorylation of mTOR substrates, such as p70S6K1 (ribosomal S6 kinase 1) and uncoordinated-51-like kinase (ULK1), which results in increased autophagic flux and reduced cellular proliferation