Confluence: the Galician Origins of Polish Analytic Philosophy

Separate Austrian influences, those of Bolzano and Brentano, came together in the work of Kazimierz Twardowski, the founder of the Lvov–Warsaw School and Polish analytic philosophy. From Bolzano he took the ideas of abstract content and absolute truth; from Brentano the centrality of intentionality and the role of psychology, and from both an awareness of the historical depth of philosophy. These streams flowed together in and through him to form central doctrines, attitudes and practices of that School, from its origins in 1895 to its continuation in contemporary Polish philosophy

The Sessions on Induction and Probability at the 1935 Paris Congress: An overview

Le premier Congrès pour l’unité de la science (Congrès international de philosophie scientifique) qui s’est tenu à Paris en 1935 comprenait deux sessions, consacrées l’une à l’induction, l’autre aux probabilités. Des représentants éminents du mouvement pour une philosophie scientifique ont présenté des communications dans ces sessions: dans la première sont intervenus Hans Reichenbach, Moritz Schlick et Rudolf Carnap, dans la seconde, Reichenbach, Bruno de Finetti, Zygmunt Zawirski, Schlick et Janina Hosiasson, — dans cet ordre. Les sujets abordés concernaient la nature des lois scientifiques, le problème du sens et le principe de l’empirisme, ainsi que des questions connexes portant sur la confirmation des hypothèses scientifiques. Sur la nature des probabilités, les principales interprétations étaient représentées, à savoir le logicisme, le fréquentisme et le subjectivisme. Fut également examinée la possibilité de construire une logique probabiliste. Ce chapitre passe en revue les différentes contributions présentées dans ces deux sessions, à partir du texte publié dans les actes du Congrès.The First International Congress for the Unity of Science (Congrès international de philosophie scientifique) held in Paris in 1935 hosted two sessions devoted to “Induction” and “Probability” respectively. Outstanding representatives of the movement for scientific philosophy read papers in those sessions: the one on Induction hosted papers by Hans Reichenbach, Moritz Schlick, and Rudolf Carnap, while the one on Probability hosted papers by Reichenbach, Bruno de Finetti, Zygmunt Zawirski, Schlick, and Janina Hosiasson—in that order. The topics addressed concern the nature of scientific laws, the problem of meaning, and the principle of empiricism, together with the related issue of confirmation of scientific hypotheses. The nature of probability was also addressed, covering all major interpretations, namely logicism, frequentism, and subjectivism. The possibility of building a probability logic was also explored. In this paper, the contributions delivered at the sessions on Induction and Probability are surveyed, based on the version published in the fourth volume of the proceedings

Fardo civilizador e visões da barbárie: Mariluán, de Alberto Blest Gana, em seu tempo

Publicado em 1862, Mariluán, de Alberto Blest Gana, vem despertando o interesse da crítica literária desde o estudo de John Ballard, no qual a considerou como uma “novela olvidada” na trajetória do prolífico narrador chileno. Nosso artigo busca inserir-se no debate sobre o livro ao indagar os sentidos do romance em um duplo movimento comparativo: por um lado, consideramos as relações entre o romance e as polêmicas sobre as campanhas militares na região da Araucanía, no Sul do Chile; além disso, visamos aproximar o texto de romances contemporâneos à sua publicação que tratam da questão indígena e tiveram melhor acolhida em seus respectivos países. O movimento busca reavaliar o singular tratamento conferido por Blest Gana às complexas discussões sobre a assimilação dos indígenas à sociedade criolla, sem aderir aos termos com que o debate se colocava quando escreveu Mariluán, tendo lhe conferido o subtítulo de “crónica contemporánea”.Published in 1862, Mariluán, by Alberto Blest Gana, has been arousing the interest of literary criticism since the study of John Ballard, in which he considered it as a “forgotten novel” in the trajectory of the prolific Chilean narrator. Our article seeks to insert itself into the debate about the book by investigating the meanings of the novel in two comparative movements: on the one hand, we consider the relationship between the novel and the polemics about the military campaigns in the Araucania region, in southern Chile; on the other hand, we aim to bring the text of novels published at the same period that deal with the indigenous issue and were better received in their respective countries. The movement seeks to re-evaluate the singular treatment Blest Gana gives to the complex discussions about indigenous assimilation to Creole society, without adhering to the terms in which the debate was installed at the moment he wrote the novel, which had as a subtitle “crónica contemporánea”

Probability and confirmation in logical empiricism

The main conceptions of confirmation and probability within logical empiricism are analyzed, distinguishing the logical conception of probability favored in the Vienna Circle by Carnap and Waismann and the frequentist conception of probability favored by Reichenbach in Berlin and by Richard von Mises. This chapter compares the two approaches before showing how Carnap put his logical and semantic conception of probability to use in an explication of confirmation in his later work on inductive logic. The chapter then analyzes the reception of his inductive logic from Salmon to Jon Williamson and discusses which aspects of it still possess contemporary relevance