The effect of dietary lipid level on the growth of kutum fry (Rutilus frisii kutum)

The study was conducted with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments in triplicates. Experimental diets were formulated to contain four different lipid levels (8, 10, 12 and 14%) at constant protein level (46.8%) and different gross energy of 4314, 4417, 4519 and 4622kcal/kg, respectively. Kutum fry (average weight, 203±4mg) were randomly assigned and distributed at a density of 2 fish/l into twelve 80 liter fiberglass tanks equipped with a tap-freshwater system and water temperature of 22-24oC. Fish were fed the experimental diets thrice a day at 10% of body weight for 81 days. Statistical analysis indicated that fish fed the lowest lipid level of 8% showed significant differences (p<0.05) with other treatments. Fish growth, survival, protein and energy retention showed a marked decrease with an increase of dietary lipid level. Crude lipid of carcass composition increased, but ash and moisture decreased with an increase of lipid levels

Years of life lost because of premature death due to intentional and unintentional accidents in Ghazvin province from 2004 till 2008

Background: Accidents are the second cause of death in Iran and one of the significant challenges in public health. They can affect people in all ages. In this study, we try to calculate years of life lost due to intentional and unintentional injuries, which is considered as one of the main indicators for prioritizing public health problems.  Methods: This study is a practical cross sectional survey research HSR (health system research) that uses secondary analysis on the death data of Ghazvin province. The calculations also take into account the WHO standards in age group, sex and years of life lost (YLL) due to death.  Results: This study showed that the unintentional accidents were the leading cause of death based on YLL from 2004 until 2008 in Ghazvin province. The number of deaths due to intentional and unintentional accidents was 3796 deaths as of which 2954 (77.8%) was male and 842 (22.2%) female. In general three quarter of the YLL due to early death relates to accidents for males and less than a quarter relates to accidents for females. Between 2004 until 2008, the maximum number of years of life lost (YLL) in both sexes is for the age group of 15 to 49.  Conclusion: Considering the high level of years of life lost (YLL) due to accident in this province, especially in men, more appropriate interventions for the more risk prone age groups and male in general need to be taken into account

Acylated Ghrelin Level Response to Daily Step in the Post-Menopause Active and Sedentary Elderly Women

Objectives: Plasmatic total ghrelin levels (ie, acylate & unacylated isoformes) are changeable during malnutrition, starvation regime, exercise bouts, obesity and hyperglycemia conditions. Studies have reported increases, decreases or no change in total ghrelin concentrations as a resultsresults of exercise. WalkingSince walking is used as a movement current pattern with a different lifestyle conditions, especially in several social jobs activities of daily livings of the middle-aged and elderly, the aim of the present study is to evaluate whether therelationship betweenthe number of step per day steps per day andwith acylated ghrelin of menopausal women is related to different life styles.as well, the effects of physical activity volume on this peptide hormone. Methods & Materials: Daily step volumes voluntarily were measured in the health postmenopausal women (n=40) by the electronic pedometer. Subjects (aged 55.9&plusmn;4.6) divided by as active group (AG=20) and sedentary group (SG=20). Results: Daily step average in the AG (8022&plusmn;2659 step/day) significantly was higher than SG (3450&plusmn;913 step/day) (P<0.001). Acylated ghrelin and Insulin concentrations were markedly not different in AG (195.4&plusmn;131 pg/ml, 9.2&plusmn;3.03 &mu;U/ml respectively) and SG (165.4&plusmn;73 pg/ml, 11.5&plusmn;4.7 &mu;U/ml respectively) as well, step per day were not associated with these hormones. There was a significant difference in body composition variables (BMI, %BF, WHR) among 2 groups and significant inverse correlations were found between activity and body composition variables in women. Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended that trainers, organizations and institutions that deal with the elderly, use the cycling and walking exercises, especially walking and jogging to reduce the risk of further problem in these people

The effect of pre-operative administration of gabapentin on post-operative pain relief after herniorrhaphy

Background: Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, recently has been suggested as an effective post-operative "analgesic" agent. The objective of the present study was to examine the analgesic effectiveness and opioid-sparing effects associated with the use of a single dose of gabapentin as a prophylactic analgesic. Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients with an age range of 40-60 years who were the candidate for inguinal herniorrhaphy under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg gabapentin or placebo 2 h prior to surgery. Post-operatively, the pain was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) at 2, 4, 12 and 24 h at rest. Morphine 0.05 mg/kg intravenously was used to treat post-operative pain on patient′s demand. Total morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery was also recorded. Results: Patients in the gabapentin group had significantly lower VAS scores at the all-time intervals of study than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The total morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery was also significantly lower in gabapentin group than in the placebo group (0.9 ± 1.23 vs. 1.8 ± 1.5; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the first time of analgesic request among the two groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, prophylactic administration of gabapentin decreases pain scores and analgesic consumption in the first 24 h after repair of inguinal hernia

Barkley's Parent Training Program, Working Memory Training and their Combination for Children with ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of Barkley's parent training program, working memory training and the combination of these two interventions for children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: In this study, 36 participants with ADHD (aged 6 to 12 years) were selected by convenience sampling. Revision of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP) questionnaire (SNAP–IV), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and clinical interviews were employed to diagnose ADHD. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition was also implemented. The participants were randomly assigned to the three intervention groups of Barkley's parent training program, working memory training and the combined group. SNAP-IV and CBCL were used as pre-tests and post-tests across all three groups. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA (SPSS version18). Results: There was a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the decline of attention deficit and hyperactivity /impulsivity symptoms betwe  n the combined treatment group and working memory training group and also between the combined treatment group and the parent training group in SNAP. In terms of attention problems (experience-based subscales) of CBCL, there was a significant difference (p< 0.001) between the combined treatment group and working memory training group. Furthermore, compared to the working memory training and parent training groups, the combined group demonstrated a significant decline (p< 0.01) in clinical symptoms of ADHD (based on DSM). Conclusion: It was revealed that combined treatment in comparison with the other two methods suppressed the clinical symptoms of ADHD more significantly