3,922 research outputs found
Shear viscosity over entropy density ratio with extended quasi-particles
We consider an effective field theory description of beyond-quasi-particle
excitations aiming to associate the transport properties of the system with the
spectral density of states. Tuning various properties of the many-particle
correlations, we investigate how the robust microscopic features are translated
into the macroscopic observables like shear viscosity and entropy density. The
liquid-gas crossover is analysed using several examples. A thermal constraint
on the fluidity measure, the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, is
discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, uses revtex4-1; published versio
Hysteretic properties of a two dimensional array of small magnetic particles: a test-bed for the Preisach model
The magnetization process of a regular two-dimensional array of small, strongly
uniaxial single domain magnetic garnet particles, groups of particles, and major loop properties
of a "macroscopic" sample, has been investigated experimentally and simulated numerically.
These particles correspond to the assumptions of a simple Preisach model. The switching mode is
by rotation. Each particle has a square hysteresis loop, with no reversible or apparent reversible
component. Requirements of wiping-out and congruency properties are satisfied. From
measurements of the up- and down switching fields on individual particles, the major loop can be
reconstructed, and it is shown to be in in excellent agreement with the measured one. The
transition from individual to collective behavior is smooth and the properties of a system,
consisting of 100 particles, correspond to the major loop behavior. The numerically simulated
major hysteresis loops agree very well with the measured loops, the switching sequence and the
magnetization curve for particle assembly was derived from the calculated interaction fields and
found to be in a very good agreement with the measured values, demonstrating the reliability of
numerical modeling. A new property, not included into the existing models, is the magnetization
dependence of the standard deviation of the interaction field
Development of the Information Society in Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia
The article is presenting facts about the politics carried on the EU concerning development of the information society in Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia - countries that in 2004 became members of the EU. Enlargement of the EU structures allowed for more dynamic development of these countries in the information society context. The situation of each country was presented by indicators describing the household and the community situation in information society. Indicators was gained from Eurostat system. The universality of these indicators lets to the assessment of the level and dynamics of development in relation to the EU average. Comparison of Poland and its southern neighbors allows also to observe changes that occur and may allow better progress in this field.Artykul prezentuje dane na temat prowadzonej w UE polityki w zakresie rozwoju spoleczeństwa informacyjnego w Czechach, Polsce i Slowacji, które staly się czlonkami UE w 2004 roku. Rozszerzenie struktur unijnych pozwolilo na zdynamizowanie rozwoju tych krajów w zakresie spoleczeństwa informacyjnego. Sytuację poszczególnych krajów zaprezentowano przy pomocy wskażników opisujących gospodarstwa domowe oraz spoleczność pochodzące z Eurostatu. Powszechność tych wskażników pozwala na ocenę dynamiki rozwoju oraz poziomu tego rozwoju w odniesieniu do wartości średniej w UE. Porównanie Polski oraz jej poludniowych sąsiadów pozwolić ma również na dostrzeżenie przemian, które zachodzą i mogą pozwolić na lepszy postęp w tej dziedzinie
Elliptic flow due to radiation in heavy-ion collisions
In this paper we demonstrate that radiation patterns could cause flow-like
behaviour without any reference to hydrodynamic description. For that purpose
we use a statistical ensemble of radiating dipoles, motivated by the
investigation of the equivalent photon yield produced by decelerating charges.
For the elliptic asymmetry factor we find a reasonable agreement with
experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, v2: discussion on the physical interpretation of
the form factor F is adde
Overlap singularity and time evolution in integrable quantum field theory
We study homogeneous quenches in integrable quantum field theory where the
initial state contains zero-momentum particles. We demonstrate that the
two-particle pair amplitude necessarily has a singularity at the two-particle
threshold. Albeit the explicit discussion is carried out for special
(integrable) initial states, we argue that the singularity is inevitably
present and is a generic feature of homogeneous quenches involving the creation
of zero momentum particles. We also identify the singularity in quenches in the
Ising model across the quantum critical point, and compute it perturbatively in
phase quenches in the quantum sine-Gordon model which are potentially relevant
to experiments. We then construct the explicit time dependence of one-point
functions using a linked cluster expansion regulated by a finite volume
parameter. We find that the secular contribution normally linear in time is
modified by a term. We additionally encounter a novel type of secular
contribution which is shown to be related to parametric resonance. It is an
interesting open question to resum the new contributions and to establish their
consequences directly observable in experiments or numerical simulations.Comment: 30+45 pages, 7 figure
The three-dimensional carrier-envelope-phase map of focused few-cycle pulsed Gaussian beams
We derive an analytical expression that describes the complete
three-dimensional carrier-envelope phase (CEP) distribution of in the focal
volume of ultrashort pulsed Gaussian beams focused by spherical mirrors or
lenses. The focal CEP map depends on the so-called factor specifying the
frequency-dependence of the beam width of the source few-cycle pulse, on its
chirp and on the small chromatic aberration introduced by a lens without
appreciably distorting or broadening the few-cycle pulse. We show how to tailor
the CEP map of mirror-focused and lens-focused few-cycle pulses in order to
produce negligible transversal and axial CEP variations in specific regions of
the focal volume for phase-sensitive interactions of light with matter taking
place in a volume or on a surface. We propose a quasi-achromatic doublet lens
that can implement in practice these tailored CEP distributions.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
The dynamical response to the node defect in thermally activated remagnetization of magnetic dot array
The influence of nonmagnetic central node defect on dynamical properties of
regular square-shaped 5 x 5 segment of magnetic dot array under the thermal
activation is investigated via computer simulations. Using stochastic
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation we simulate hysteresis and relaxation
processes. The remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences between
magnetic dot arrays with nonmagnetic central node defect and magnetic dot
arrays without defects have been found.Comment: 4 pages,5 figures, submitted to J. Magn. Magn. Matte
Rotational and domain wall motion aftereffect in a patterned array of small particles
Aftereffect for magnetization processes by rotation and by domain wall motion was investigated on the same, single domain, two-state system of a square 2D (two-dimensional) array of garnet particles. Aftereffect measurements were performed magnetooptically. The particles are thermally stable, the particle energy is 10(-6) erg compared to the thermal energy of 10(-12) erg. No aftereffect of rotation switching of the system of "up" and "down" magnetized particles could be observed at room temperature. At increased temperatures thermally activated switching, very weakly depending on magnetic field, is observed. Each individual particle can be demagnetized into a metastable stripe domain structure. The barrier for DW (domain wall) motion is much lower than the barrier for rotation, and a significant aftereffect was measured on the same particles, demagnetized into a domain structure. The observed time dependence for DW aftereffect is exponential, M(t)/Ms=d* exp(-et), where d=0.04, and e=1/tau follows the increase of the magnetization with field, de/dH=0.021 /s/Oe
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