Leaf nutrient status of ‘Trakya İlkeren’ grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) in different phenological stages

Nutrition of grapevines is very sensitive issue in vineyards. Soil quality is very important matter for growth and quality in vine growing. Rootstocks affect the growth and productivity of grapevine as well as increase or decrease of the nutrient uptake. The present study was conducted to determine the phenological changes of nutrient uptakes in 10 years ‘Trakya İlkeren’ grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) in the heavy clay soil conditions. The grapevines are grown on 5BB and 5C rootstocks. The changes of macro and micronutrients in leaf blades from bud burst to post harvest period were investigated in the experiment. Leaf nutrient contents of leaf blades show varied depending on the phenological stages and rootstocks (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaf blade was decreased until veraison stage for both rootstocks. The highest potassium (K) content was obtained at blooming stage. In blooming stage nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) nutrients was found high on 5C rootstock whereas calcium (Ca) was high on 5BB. Grapevines were found insufficient for P, K and Mg nutrients in the study. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio showed significantly varied among to rootstocks and phenological stages (P < 0.01). While the highest leaf chlorophyll content was measured during flowering period it was found at the lowest through to harvest on both rootstocks. Overall total chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll a/b ratio were significantly higher on 5BB grafted vines. In the research, 5C was found to be more successful rootstock than 5BB for nutrient uptakes

Identification and disease incidence of bacterial canker on stone fruits in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey

In recent years, stone fruit plantations have been widely increased in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. In 2012, bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were first observed in the region. In 2014 among February to May, stone fruit orchards in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces were surveyed in order to determine the disease incidence. From 68 individual orchards, 25, 8 and 35 stone fruit orchards were surveyed in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces, respectively. No disease symptoms were observed in Adana and Mersin orchards. Despite that the occurrence of bacterial canker was determined in Hatay county in three individual apricot ('Ninfa') and one plum growing orchard. Disease incidence approached 20, 25 and 30% in three apricot orchards and 5% in plum orchard. Black, sunken lesions on apricot and plum fruits, chlorosis and necrotic lesions on leaf tissue were observed on symptomatic plants. Due to isolations from symptomatic fruits, 15 and 5 putative strains from apricot and plum, respectively, were isolated. All strains were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae by pathogenicity (immature peach and lemon fruits), LOPAT (Group Ia) and GATTa tests. In this study, the disease incidence of bacterial canker on apricot and plum trees and the occurrence of the disease on plum were first determined in the eastern Mediterranean region. Disease reactions on apricot ('Ninfa', 'Magador' and 'Colorado') and plum ('Black Diamond', 'Black Amber' and 'Black Beauty') cultivars growing in the region is still running

Foliar resorption of some macro- (N, P, S) & micronutrients (FE, ZN, CU, MN) in pterocarya fraxinifolia (poiret) spach forests in Turkey

Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poiret) Spach has a rather restricted distribution in Turkey and occurs in swamp forests. Foliar resorption of some macro- (N, P and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in northern and southern populations of P. fraxinifolia in Turkey was studied. In northern populations, comparatively to southern populations, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) was higher, while phosphorus resorption efficieny (PRE) was lower. Both northern and southern populations were P-proficient, while only northern populations were N-proficient. Negative RE values were found with respect to Zn and MnRE in southern populations. SRE was found to be higher as compared to other deciduous species. It has been found that NRE/PRE ratios >1 in northern populations, while <1 in southern populations

Sulphur and some heavy metal contents in foliage of Corylus avellana and some roadside native plants in Ordu province, Turkey

The concentration of sulphur and some heavy metals the leaves of Corylus avellana, Alopecurus myosuroides, Helleborus orientalis, Glechoma hederacea, Calamintha nepeta and Urtica dioica were determined around the "polluted (near highways)" and "non-polluted area (far from highways)" sites near Ordu province during summer of the year 2006. Significant differences were found for heavy metals between "polluted" and "non-polluted" areas. Heavy metal contents decreased in the order of Fe>Zn>Cu. The contents of Fe ranged from 188.9 to 519.9 ppm in the foliage of the studied species collected from "polluted area" were higher than its threshold values 13.5 to 115.5 ppm determined for same species in the "non-polluted area". High sulphur contents were found in studied species. The highest sulphur content was found in Alopecurus myosuroides. Overall, according to our findings plant species as Corylus avellana, Glechoma hederacea and Urtica dioica are a good bioindicators and can be used in elemental air pollution monitoring studies in urban-industrial conurbations

Foliar resorption of some macro- (N, P, S) & micronutrients (FE, ZN, CU, MN) in pterocarya fraxinifolia (poiret) spach forests in Turkey

Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poiret) Spach has a rather restricted distribution in Turkey and occurs in swamp forests. Foliar resorption of some macro- (N, P and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in northern and southern populations of P. fraxinifolia in Turkey was studied. In northern populations, comparatively to southern populations, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) was higher, while phosphorus resorption efficieny (PRE) was lower. Both northern and southern populations were P-proficient, while only northern populations were N-proficient. Negative RE values were found with respect to Zn and MnRE in southern populations. SRE was found to be higher as compared to other deciduous species. It has been found that NRE/PRE ratios >1 in northern populations, while <1 in southern populations

Selections for Resistance against Fire Blight in Young F-1 Hybrid Pear Seedlings in Turkey

13th International Workshop on Fire Blight -- JUL 02-05, 2013 -- Zurich, SWITZERLANDHORUZ, Sumer/0000-0002-5374-7082; Bilen, Emre/0000-0003-1745-4044WOS: 000357733400039Fire blight, caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, with few effective disease management strategies. Therefore, it is very important to strive towards the selection of new resistant cultivars to fire blight. With this purpose, different crosses have been made between resistant cultivar 'Magness' and other resistant or susceptible cultivars and cultigens ('Akca', 'Ankara', 'Bursa', 'Conference', 'Guz', 'Kaiser Alexandre', 'Kieffer', 'Moonglow', 'Tas'). The susceptibility levels of the resulting hybrids were determined by artificial inoculations by Erwinia amylovora in greenhouse conditions. In pathogenicity tests, 10(8) CFU/ml populations of seven E. amylovora strains, isolated from different cities in Turkey, were used to infect the shoots of hybrid plants. Eight weeks after inoculations, the percentage of the necrotic lesion to the total length of the shoot was calculated for each shoot. The experiments were performed twice in August 2010 and May 2011. The average of two experiments was used to calculate the percentage disease severity. Susceptibility was scored by binning the percentage into five distinct classes of increasing susceptibility (A to E). Among 1242 young F-1 hybrid seedlings inoculated, 31.64% of them showed "very low susceptibility" (A), 8.62% displayed "low susceptibility" (B), 18.60% were "moderate susceptibility" (C), 30.27% were "high susceptibility" (D), 10.87% showed "very high susceptibility" (E), and 85 of hybrids were completely destroyed by the pathogen. The 393 "very low susceptibility" and 107 "low susceptibility" F1 hybrids were planted in Eskisehir, in Central Turkey, for screening for agronomical and pomological characteristics.Int Soc Hort Sc

Selections for resistance against fire blight in young F1 hybrid pear seedlings in Turkey

Fire blight, caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, with few effective disease management strategies. Therefore, it is very important to strive towards the selection of new resistant cultivars to fire blight. With this purpose, different crosses have been made between resistant cultivar 'Magness' and other resistant or susceptible cultivars and cultigens ('Akca', 'Ankara', 'Bursa', 'Conference', 'Guz', 'Kaiser Alexandre', 'Kieffer', 'Moonglow', 'Tas'). The susceptibility levels of the resulting hybrids were determined by artificial inoculations by Erwinia amylovora in greenhouse conditions. In pathogenicity tests, 108 CFU/ml populations of seven E. amylovora strains, isolated from different cities in Turkey, were used to infect the shoots of hybrid plants. Eight weeks after inoculations, the percentage of the necrotic lesion to the total length of the shoot was calculated for each shoot. The experiments were performed twice in August 2010 and May 2011. The average of two experiments was used to calculate the percentage disease severity. Susceptibility was scored by binning the percentage into five distinct classes of increasing susceptibility (A to E). Among 1242 young F1 hybrid seedlings inoculated, 31.64% of them showed "very low susceptibility" (A), 8.62% displayed "low susceptibility" (B), 18.60% were "moderate susceptibility" (C), 30.27% were "high susceptibility" (D), 10.87% showed "very high susceptibility" (E), and 85 of hybrids were completely destroyed by the pathogen. The 393 "very low susceptibility" and 107 "low susceptibility" F1 hybrids were planted in Eskišehir, in Central Turkey, for screening for agronomical and pomological characteristics. © 2014, International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved

Colistin vs. the combination of colistin and rifampicin for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia

The aim of this study was to compare the responses of colistin treatment alone vs. a combination of colistin and rifampicin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by a carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain. Forty-three patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Although clinical (P = 0·654), laboratory (P = 0·645), radiological (P = 0·290) and microbiological (P = 0·597) response rates were better in the combination group, these differences were not significant. However, time to microbiological clearance (3·1 ± 0·5 days, P = 0·029) was significantly shorter in the combination group. The VAP-related mortality rates were 63·6% (14/22) and 38·1% (8/21) for the colistin and the combination groups (P = 0·171), respectively. Our results suggest that the combination of colistin with rifampicin may improve clinical and microbiological outcomes of VAP patients infected with A. baumannii. Copyright © 2012 Cambridge University Press

Evaluation of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) disease reaction of pear hybrid combinations [Farklı Armut Melezleme Kombinasyonlarında Ateş Yanıklığı Hastalığı (Erwinia amylovora) Reaksiyonunun Değerlendirilmesi]

Fire blight caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is the serious disease of pear. Since there is no effective chemical management to this disease except antibiotic-type compounds, it is very important to improve new fire blight resistant cultivars. In this research, it was aimed to select and develop fire blight resistant pear types and to determine fire blight susceptibility levels of pear hybrids, obtained from different projects. Hybrid plants were inoculated by shoot injections twice each year. Evaluations were made through necrotic shoot rate and susceptibility levels of hybrids were determined. During the experiments, 7036 hybrid pear seedlings inoculated, and 12.28% of them were found as “very low susceptibility” (A), 3.62% as “low susceptibility” (B) classes. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi