Síndrome hiperosmolar hiperglicémico en un gato diabético : análisis de los disturbios ácido-base asociados mediante un modelo cuantitativo simplificado

La incidencia del síndrome hiperosmolar hiperglucémico en la especie felina es baja; sin embargo, la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a esta complicación diabética son elevadas. La evaluación y monitorización de la natremia, glucemia y osmolalidad son fundamentales a la hora de abordar el manejo de este tipo de urgencia endocrina en pacientes con graves desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y, frecuentemente, con enfermedades crónicas asociadas. En conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer caso donde se describen las anomalías ácido-base, asociadas a este tipo de desequilibrios, mediante la ecuación de Fencl-Stewart, un modelo cuantitativo simplificado especialmente útil para el análisis del estatus ácido-base en pacientes críticos

Study of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Phase Change Material Microcapsules for the Preparation of Polymer Films by Extrusion

n-Eicosane-melamine formaldehyde microcapsules of an average size of 1.1 µm and latent heat of fusion of 146.2 ± 5.3 J/g have been prepared. They have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, calorimetric techniques, and thermogravimetric analyses. Under processing conditions, the microcapsules apparently preserved their properties, also maintaining their n-eicosane loading and heat storage capacity under washing conditions (water with detergent at 60¿C). The microcapsules synthesis has been scaled up for the fabrication of functional films by extrusion. For that, polymer films containing 10 wt.% of microcapsules were prepared at a pilot plant level. In those films, even though a fraction of the n-eicosane loading was lost during the extrusion process, the microcapsules showed good compatibility within the polyamide. The percentage of PCM in the polyamide 6 films was estimated by TGA, verifying also the heat storage capacity predicted by DSC (2.6 ± 0.7 J/g). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Clinical and Pathologic Features of H-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Associated with E211K Prion Protein Polymorphism

The majority of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases have been ascribed to the classical form of the disease. H-type and L-type BSE cases have atypical molecular profiles compared to classical BSE and are thought to arise spontaneously. However, one case of H-type BSE was associated with a heritable E211K mutation in the prion protein gene. The purpose of this study was to describe transmission of this unique isolate of H-type BSE when inoculated into a calf of the same genotype by the intracranial route. Electroretinograms were used to demonstrate preclinical deficits in retinal function, and optical coherence tomography was used to demonstrate an antemortem decrease in retinal thickness. The calf rapidly progressed to clinical disease (9.4 months) and was necropsied. Widespread distribution of abnormal prion protein was demonstrated within neural tissues by western blot and immunohistochemistry. While this isolate is categorized as BSE-H due to a higher molecular mass of the unglycosylated PrPSc isoform, a strong labeling of all 3 PrPSc bands with monoclonal antibodies 6H4 and P4, and a second unglycosylated band at approximately 14 kDa when developed with antibodies that bind in the C-terminal region, it is unique from other described cases of BSE-H because of an additional band 23 kDa demonstrated on western blots of the cerebellum. This work demonstrates that this isolate is transmissible, has a BSE-H phenotype when transmitted to cattle with the K211 polymorphism, and has molecular features that distinguish it from other cases of BSE-H described in the literature

A specialized population of Periostin-expressing cardiac fibroblasts contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation and innervation.

During the postnatal period in mammals, the cardiac muscle transitions from hyperplasic to hypertrophic growth, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes remodeling, and the heart loses regenerative capacity. While ECM maturation and crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes (CM) have been implicated in neonatal heart development, not much is known about specialized fibroblast heterogeneity and function in the early postnatal period. In order to better understand CF functions in heart maturation and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, we have performed gene expression profiling and ablation of postnatal CF populations. Fibroblast lineages expressing Tcf21 or Periostin were traced in transgenic GFP reporter mice and their biological functions and transitions during the postnatal period were examined in sorted cells using RNAseq. Highly proliferative Periostin (Postn)+ lineage CFs were found from postnatal day (P)1 to P11 but were not detected at P30, due to a repression of Postn gene expression. This population was less abundant and transcriptionally different from Tcf21+ resident CFs. The specialized Postn+ population preferentially expresses genes related to cell proliferation and neuronal development, while Tcf21+ CFs differentially express genes related to ECM maturation at P7 and immune crosstalk at P30. Ablation of the Postn+ CFs from P0 to P6 led to altered cardiac sympathetic nerve patterning and a reduction in binucleation and hypertrophic growth with increased fetal troponin (TroponinI1) expression in CM. Thus, postnatal CFs are heterogeneous and include a transient proliferative Postn+ population required for cardiac nerve development and cardiomyocyte maturation soon after birth

A specialized population of Periostin-expressing cardiac fibroblasts contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation and innervation.

During the postnatal period in mammals, the cardiac muscle transitions from hyperplasic to hypertrophic growth, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes remodeling, and the heart loses regenerative capacity. While ECM maturation and crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes (CM) have been implicated in neonatal heart development, not much is known about specialized fibroblast heterogeneity and function in the early postnatal period. In order to better understand CF functions in heart maturation and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, we have performed gene expression profiling and ablation of postnatal CF populations. Fibroblast lineages expressing Tcf21 or Periostin were traced in transgenic GFP reporter mice and their biological functions and transitions during the postnatal period were examined in sorted cells using RNAseq. Highly proliferative Periostin (Postn)+ lineage CFs were found from postnatal day (P)1 to P11 but were not detected at P30, due to a repression of Postn gene expression. This population was less abundant and transcriptionally different from Tcf21+ resident CFs. The specialized Postn+ population preferentially expresses genes related to cell proliferation and neuronal development, while Tcf21+ CFs differentially express genes related to ECM maturation at P7 and immune crosstalk at P30. Ablation of the Postn+ CFs from P0 to P6 led to altered cardiac sympathetic nerve patterning and a reduction in binucleation and hypertrophic growth with increased fetal troponin (TroponinI1) expression in CM. Thus, postnatal CFs are heterogeneous and include a transient proliferative Postn+ population required for cardiac nerve development and cardiomyocyte maturation soon after birth

A specialized population of Periostin-expressing cardiac fibroblasts contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation and innervation.

During the postnatal period in mammals, the cardiac muscle transitions from hyperplasic to hypertrophic growth, the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes remodeling, and the heart loses regenerative capacity. While ECM maturation and crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes (CM) have been implicated in neonatal heart development, not much is known about specialized fibroblast heterogeneity and function in the early postnatal period. In order to better understand CF functions in heart maturation and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, we have performed gene expression profiling and ablation of postnatal CF populations. Fibroblast lineages expressing Tcf21 or Periostin were traced in transgenic GFP reporter mice and their biological functions and transitions during the postnatal period were examined in sorted cells using RNAseq. Highly proliferative Periostin (Postn)+ lineage CFs were found from postnatal day (P)1 to P11 but were not detected at P30, due to a repression of Postn gene expression. This population was less abundant and transcriptionally different from Tcf21+ resident CFs. The specialized Postn+ population preferentially expresses genes related to cell proliferation and neuronal development, while Tcf21+ CFs differentially express genes related to ECM maturation at P7 and immune crosstalk at P30. Ablation of the Postn+ CFs from P0 to P6 led to altered cardiac sympathetic nerve patterning and a reduction in binucleation and hypertrophic growth with increased fetal troponin (TroponinI1) expression in CM. Thus, postnatal CFs are heterogeneous and include a transient proliferative Postn+ population required for cardiac nerve development and cardiomyocyte maturation soon after birth

Síndrome hiperosmolar hiperglicémico en un gato diabético : análisis de los disturbios ácido-base asociados mediante un modelo cuantitativo simplificado

La incidencia del síndrome hiperosmolar hiperglucémico en la especie felina es baja; sin embargo, la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a esta complicación diabética son elevadas. La evaluación y monitorización de la natremia, glucemia y osmolalidad son fundamentales a la hora de abordar el manejo de este tipo de urgencia endocrina en pacientes con graves desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y, frecuentemente, con enfermedades crónicas asociadas. En conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer caso donde se describen las anomalías ácido-base, asociadas a este tipo de desequilibrios, mediante la ecuación de Fencl-Stewart, un modelo cuantitativo simplificado especialmente útil para el análisis del estatus ácido-base en pacientes críticos