Habitat change and restoration: Responses of a forest-floor mammal species to manipulations of fallen timber in floodplain forests

In forests and woodlands, fallen timber (logs and large branches) is an important habitat element for many species of animals. Fallen timber has been systematically stripped in many forests, eliminating an important structural element. This study describes results of a ‘meso-scale’ experiment in which fallen timber was manipulated in a floodplain forest of the Murray River in south-eastern Australia. A thousand tons of wood were redistributed after one-year’s pre-manipulation monitoring, while a further two-year’s post-manipulation monitoring was conducted. The response of the main forest-floor small-mammal species, the Yellow-footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes, to alterations of fallen-wood loads is documented. Results of the experiment will help to frame guidelines for fallen-timber management in these extensive floodplain forests

Missouri grain sorghum performance trials, 1969

"MP 138, February, 1970""This bulletin reports on Department of Agronomy research project 351, Sorghum Testing. The statistics pertaining to sorghum production were furnished by R.S. Overton of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Columbia, Missouri. Climatological data were furnished by W.L. Decker, Professor and Chairman, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Missouri. The following individuals assisted in making the 1969 Grain Sorghum Trials possible: Larkin Langford, Louis Meinke, Earl Page, Dr. Norman Justus, Norman Brown, and N.G. Weir."--Page 2."Locations. Grain sorghum performance trials were conducted at four locations in 1969, Fig. 1. They were located at the North Missouri Center near Spickard in Grundy County, on the Earl Page farm near Palmyra in Marion County, on the N. G. Weir farm near Columbia in Boone County, and at the Southwest Center near Mt. Vernon in Lawrence County. A fifth location was planted at the Delta Center near Portageville in Pemiscot County but was not harvested due to hail and bird damage. The test site at the Southwest Center was located on a Gerald soil. This soil is characterized by very slow permeability to water and air, nearly level topography, moderate water storage capacity, a claypan subsoil, medium inherent fertility, and a tendency to be slighty doughty during summer months. These characteristics coupled with a May 1 to September 15 rainfall deficit of 6 to 8 inches resulted in greatly reduced yields (Table 9). The variation, due to soil, at this site was accentuated by the drought. Thus relatively large difference in yield among entries were required for statistical significance. State production. In 1968, 216,000 acres of grain sorghum were harvested in Missouri with an average yield of 66 bushels per acre. The 1969 estimate of harvested grain sorghum is 214,000 acres and 91. 1 percent of the 1960-1969 average. The state-wide 1969 estimate of 64 bushels per acre is 9. 7 bushels more than the 10-year average and six bushels less than the 1969 estimated corn yield. These data are summarized in Table 1. Sorghum vs corn. Comparisons between the yield of corn and grain sorghum at three of the testing sites can be made since these tests were located either in the same field or close proximity (Table 2). These comparisons are only suggestive; planting and cultural factors were not the same for corn and sorghum. Interpretation of differences in yield. Small yield differences should not be overemphasized since there was considerable inherent variation in the soil at each test site. Special planting arrangements and use of the statistical procedure called analysis of variance, from which the L. S. D. (least significant difference) value is computed, help make valid yield comparisons. The L. S. D. value, found at the bottom of the tables, simply states how much one hybrid must differ from another in yield to be reasonably confident of superior performance."--Introduction.R.D. Horrocks, F.D. Cloninge

Cambio y restauración del hábitat: respuestas de una especie de mamíferos del suelo forestal a las manipulaciones de los árboles caídos en bosques inundados

In forests and woodlands, fallen timber (logs and large branches) is an important habitat element for many species of animals. Fallen timber has been systematically stripped in many forests, eliminating an important structural element. This study describes results of a "meso–scale" experiment in which fallen timber was manipulated in a floodplain forest of the Murray River in south–eastern Australia. A thousand tons of wood were redistributed after one–year’s pre–manipulation monitoring, while a further two–year's post–manipulation monitoring was conducted. The response of the main forest–floor small–mammal species, the Yellow–footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes, to alterations of fallen–wood loads is documented. Results of the experiment will help to frame guidelines for fallen–timber management in these extensive floodplain forests.En los bosques y montes los árboles caídos (troncos y ramas gruesas) constituyen un importante elemento del hábitat para muchas especies de animales. Los árboles caídos han sido sistemáticamente descortezados en muchos bosques, eliminándose así un importante elemento estructural. Este estudio describe resultados de un experimento a escala mediana en el que los árboles caídos fueron manipulados en un bosque inundado del río Murray, en el sureste de Australia. Se redistribuyeron 1.000 toneladas de madera después de efectuar un control previo a la manipulación durante un año, realizándose otro control durante dos años después de la manipulación. Se documenta la respuesta de la especie de mamífero del suelo del bosque, el ratón marsupial de pies amarillos Antechinus flavipes, a las alteraciones de la madera caída. Los resultados de este trabajo pueden servir de ayuda para elaborar unas directrices marco para la gestión de los árboles caídos en bosques inundados

Diffusion Models of Mass Transport for the Characterisation of Amperometric Gas Sensors

\ua9 2024 The Authors. ChemElectroChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. A diffusion model for the analysis of chronoamperometric data in response to a concentration step is developed for amperometric gas sensors. This analysis avoids the difficulties with standard potentiodynamic measurements at the large specific area, high capacitance electrodes employed in these sensors. Despite the fact that typical devices comprise multiple layers with varying thicknesses and diffusivities, we show that typical chronoamperometric traces can be fitted to a simple diffusion model with a single parameter (Formula presented.) where L is an overall effective thickness of the diffusion barrier and D is an effective diffusion coefficient. Through a comparison of the transient and steady-state current, independent estimates of L and D in the devices can be made. The model is also extended to cover cases with interfacial kinetic barriers; such kinetic limitations lead to a change in the effective values L and D, but the simple diffusion model remains a good fit to the data. This analysis shows that transient sensor responses can be characterised by a single parameter τ and conversely that deviations from this regression model cannot be assigned to (i) complex layer architectures or (ii) interlayer kinetic barriers. Instead, we show that non-uniform accessibility effects arising from a distribution of diffusion rates across the device lead to deviations from the simple regression model, but that they may be captured approximately by a more complex model in which τ has a probability distribution

The Value of Transcranial Doppler in Predicting Cerebral Ischaemia During Carotid Endarterectomy

AbstractObjectives: transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurement of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAV) is an indirect method of assessing cerebral blood flow and therefore predicting patients at risk of stroke during carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and may be used to determine the need for shunting. This study evaluates the accuracy of three accepted TCD criteria in predicting the need for a shunt. Design: prospective study. Methods: one hundred and twenty consecutive CEA were performed under loco/regional anaesthesia. Patients monitored by TCD and Awake neurological examination were included. Shunts were inserted if there was neurological deterioration. Awake patient monitoring was compared with the three TCD criteria. Results: inadequate TCD recordings were obtained in 16 operations (13%). In the remainder (104 cases), 12 developed symptoms of cerebral ischaemia and required a shunt (12%). Comparisons with the three accepted criteria were as follows: (1) m MCAV <30 cm/s had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 92%, 49%, 19%, and 98%, respectively; (2) clamp/pre-clamp ratio <0.6 had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 92%, 75%, 33% and 99%, respectively; (3) greater than 50% reduction in m MCAV had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV valves of 83%, 77%, 32% and 97%, respectively. Conclusions: TCD flow velocities are not a reliable method for detecting cerebral ischaemia and therefore determining the need for a shunt in CEA

Soybeans, 1976

Title from JPEG cover page (University of Missouri Digital Library, viewed Dec. 3, 2009)."The bulletin reposrts on Research Project 3630"--Page 2.pt. I. Corn -- pt. II. Grain sorghum -- part III. Soybeans.Includes bibliographical references

Combinatorial Games with a Pass: A dynamical systems approach

By treating combinatorial games as dynamical systems, we are able to address a longstanding open question in combinatorial game theory, namely, how the introduction of a "pass" move into a game affects its behavior. We consider two well known combinatorial games, 3-pile Nim and 3-row Chomp. In the case of Nim, we observe that the introduction of the pass dramatically alters the game's underlying structure, rendering it considerably more complex, while for Chomp, the pass move is found to have relatively minimal impact. We show how these results can be understood by recasting these games as dynamical systems describable by dynamical recursion relations. From these recursion relations we are able to identify underlying structural connections between these "games with passes" and a recently introduced class of "generic (perturbed) games." This connection, together with a (non-rigorous) numerical stability analysis, allows one to understand and predict the effect of a pass on a game.Comment: 39 pages, 13 figures, published versio