334 research outputs found
Dolge in kratke revolucije k neolitiku v zahodni Anatoliji in v Egejskem morju
This paper provides an overview of our current knowledge about the transformation towards the Neolithic in western Anatolia and the Aegean, and offers a narrative for their interpretation. Within the longue durée perspective of the long revolution in the Near East, the first millennia of the Holocene of the Aegean and western Anatolia are contrasted with each other. Economic strategies, environmental conditions, technologies, raw material procurement and cultural practices in the Aegean Mesolithic and the Pre-Neolithic times in western Anatolia are analysed to classify potential similarities and differences. The evidence of new cultural and symbolic practices, eco-nomies, and technologies in the seventh millennium is discussed as the paradox of a short revolu-tion embedded in a long-term process of interaction, knowledge-transfer and adaptation, setting the scene for the Neolithic pioneers establishing a new social life.V članku predstavljamo pregled trenutnih podatkov o spremembah, ki so vodile k neolitiku na območju zahodne Anatolije in Egejskega morja, ter ponujamo pripovedi za njihovo interpretacijo. V okviru perspektive dolgoročnih zgodovinskih procesov (fr. longue durée) na Bližnjem Vzhodu, Prvo tisočletje v holocenu je v okviru perspektive dolgoročnih zgodovinskih procesov (fr. longue durée) na Bližnjem Vzhodu potekalo različno na območju Egejskega morja in v zahodni Anatoliji. Za ovrednotenje morebitnih podobnosti in razlik med mezolitikom na območju Egejskega morja in pred-neolitikom na območju zahodne Anatolije smo ovrednotili gospodarske strategije, okoljske pogoje, tehnologije, oskrbo s surovinami in kulturne običaje. V članku nadalje razpravljamo o novih kulturnih in simbolnih običajih, gospodarstvih in tehnologijah v sedmem tisočletju, ki predstavljajo paradoks kratke revolucije, ki je zakoreninjena v dolgoročnih procesih interakcije, prenosa znanj in prilagoditev, kar je omogočilo neolitskim pionirjem vzpostavitev novega družbenega življenja
Collagen-mimetic peptide-modifiable hydrogels for articular cartilage regeneration
Regenerative medicine strategies for restoring articular cartilage face significant challenges to recreate the complex and dynamic biochemical and biomechanical functions of native tissues. As an approach to recapitulate the complexity of the extracellular matrix, collagen-mimetic proteins offer a modular template to incorporate bioactive and biodegradable moieties into a single construct. We modified a Streptococcal collagen-like 2 protein with hyaluronic acid (HA) or chondroitin sulfate (CS)-binding peptides and then cross-linked with a matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)-sensitive peptide to form biodegradable hydrogels. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in these hydrogels exhibited improved viability and significantly enhanced chondrogenic differentiation compared to controls that were not functionalized with glycosaminoglycan-binding peptides. Hydrogels functionalized with CS-binding peptides also led to significantly higher MMP7 gene expression and activity while the HA-binding peptides significantly increased chondrogenic differentiation of the hMSCs. Our results highlight the potential of this novel biomaterial to modulate cell-mediated processes and create functional tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medicine applications
Marco de trabajo de integración y flujo de trabajo para la visualización virtual del patrimonio cultural. Revisita del montículo Çukuriçi Höyük, Turquía
[EN] This article sets a framework for computer-based visualisations of cultural heritage sites. The project focuses on a workflow
for a visualisation illustrated on a specific solution for the site of Çukuriçi Höyük, a tell settlement in Turkey. With the virtual
presentation, an interdisciplinary research group tries to offer complex scientific results to the general public as well as to
experts. The team utilised data acquisition and communication techniques, interpretative approaches, and dissemination
methods. The three-dimensional (3D) outcome is based on a large amount of scientific data, usually available only via
analogue or digital publications for a specialised audience. The work focused on constructed and personal authenticity to
reach the viewer’s feelings. As an interpretative narrative, the daily lives of the inhabitants were selected. A communication
plan was constructed, and a video animation with narration and a musical background was selected as the most
appropriate communication tool. The movie was divided into four chapters (Introduction, Neolithic Period, Chalcolithic
Period and Early Bronze Age Period). A separate webpage was designed to provide additional information when the video
is viewed online. The webpage was divided into tabs that describe each chapter and three additional topics (Visualisation
Process, Further Reading, and Credits). The video was shared in different settings, e.g. at public talks and on social media.
The process resulted in a complex workflow that consists of several stages: data acquisition, first interpretation, 3D model
creation, communication plan, second interpretation, 3D model adjustment, and dissemination output. Each stage of the
workflow serves as an example to show the types of nodes these parts can include. The result is a flexible framework with
predefined process stages, which can be re-used for similar projects.[ES] Este artículo define un marco de trabajo de visualizaciones por ordenador de sitios patrimoniales. El proyecto se centra
en un flujo de trabajo ilustrado por una solución específica de visualización del sitio de Çukuriçi Höyük, un asentamiento
sobre un montículo en Turquía. Con la presentación virtual, un grupo de investigación interdisciplinar intenta ofrecer
resultados científicos complejos al público en general, así como a los expertos. El equipo utilizó captura de datos y técnicas
de comunicación, así como enfoques interpretativos y métodos de difusión. El resultado tridimensional (3D) está basado
en una gran cantidad de datos científicos, normalmente disponibles sólo a través de publicaciones analógicas o digitales
orientadas a una audiencia especializada. El trabajo se centró en la construcción y la autenticidad personal para alcanzar
al espectador a nivel emocional. Como narrativa interpretativa, se seleccionaró la vida diaria de los habitantes. Se
construyó un plan de comunicación y se eligió una animación de vídeo con narración y musica de fondo como la herramienta de comunicación más apropiada. La película se dividió en cuatro capítulos (Introducción, Período Neolítico,
Período Calcolítico y Período de la Edad de Bronce Temprano). Se diseñó una página web separada para proporcionar
información adicional cuando el video se muestra en línea. La página web se dividió en pestañas que describen cada
capítulo y tres temas adicionales (Proceso de visualización, Lectura adicional y Créditos). El vídeo se compartió en
diferentes entornos, tales como charlas públicas y en redes sociales. El proceso produjo un complejo flujo de trabajo que
consta de varias etapas: captura de datos, primera interpretación, creación del modelo 3D, plan de comunicación, segunda
interpretación, ajuste del modelo 3D y difusión. Cada etapa del flujo de trabajo sirve de ejemplo para mostrar los tipos de
nodos que estas partes pueden incluir. El resultado es un marco de trabajo flexible con etapas de proceso predefinidas,
que pueden reutilizarse en proyectos similares.Lužnik-Jancsary, N.; Horejs, B.; Klein, M.; Schwall, C. (2020). Integration and workflow framework for virtual visualisation of cultural heritage. Revisiting the tell of Çukuriçi Höyük, Turkey. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(23):63-74. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.13086OJS6374112316th General Assembly of ICOMOS. (2008). ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites. International Journal of Cultural Property, 15(4), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0940739108080417Andrade, J. G., & Dias, P. (2020). A phygital approach to cultural heritage: augmented reality at Regaleira. Virtual Archaeology Review, 11(22), 15. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.11663Batarda Fernandes, A. (2018). "But will there be visitors?" Public outreach efforts using social media and online presence at the Côa Valley Museum and Archaeological Park (Portugal). 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Први резулати археолошких истраживања локалитета Свињаричка чука код Лебана
Новооткривени праисторијски локалитет Свињаричка чука налази се на пространој речној тераси северозападно од локалитета Царичин град. Археолошка истраживања која су током претходне године реализована од стране аустријскосрпског тима стручњака, указала су на изузетан истраживачки и научни потенцијал овог праисторијског локалитета. Покретни археолошки налази и остаци стамбене архитектуре у обе истраживане сонде опредељују локалитет у периоде раног и средњег неолита, позног енеолита, бронзаног и гвозденог доба. Прелиминарни резултати анализе покретног археолошког материјала указују на постојање стамбеног хоризонта из VI миленијума пре наше ере, односно хоризонта старчевачке културе, као и хоризонта насељавања носилаца брњичке културне групе позног бронзаног доба (XV-XIII век пре наше ере)
Bioinduced precipitation of barite and celestite in dolomite microbialites Examples from Miocene lacustrine sequences in the Madrid and Duero Basins, Spain
This paper provides an ancient analogue for biologically mediated celestite and barite formation in dolomite precipitating microbial mats developed in lacustrine environments during the Miocene. Barite and celestite occurrences were studied in three temporally and spatially separated sedimentary successions: S1 and S2 in the Madrid Basin and S3 in the Duero Basin. In S1, macrocrystalline selenite gypsum occurs as laterally continuous beds; in the two other successions (S2 and S3), calcite pseudomorphs of lenticular gypsum aggregates are hosted in dolomite beds as evidence for the former presence of this evaporite. In S1, only celestite is associated with dolomite. Celestite crystals occur as both intergrown clusters, concentrated in pockets likely created by the dissolution of intrasedimentary anhydrite precursors, and as single precipitates associated with dolomite masses that replace selenite gypsum. Celestite crystals are nucleated commonly on organic substances that are pervasively associated with them. In S2 and S3, scarce single celestite crystals are restricted to calcite pseudomorphs after gypsum, whereas barite is the sulphate precipitated in the pseudomorphs' surroundings. Barite is commonly present as patchy poikilotopic crystals which include microbial structures and is embedded in organic matter. Additionally, barite is found as a secondary precipitate within Ba-bearing feldspars. Feldspar weathering is, thus, envisaged as amajor source of barium at these sites. Petrographical, isotopic and compositional observations point out that the barite and celestite formation was not caused by abiological processes only. Rather, the patchy distribution of the sulphates, close links to organic matter with biogenic isotope signatures, and inclusion of microbial structures, such as biologically mediated dolomite, provides evidence for the involvement of microbes in the formation of the sulphates. The coprecipitation of barite and celestite with dolomite entails complex interactions between different microorganisms and reinforces the biological formation of dolomite in saline lakes
Mimicking the extracellular matrix – a biomaterials approach to inhibit tissue fibrosis
Epithelial tissue is marked by the presence of a specialized, highly cross-linked, sheet-like extracellular matrix, the basement membrane. Tissue-invasive events, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) - a key event in gastrulation, tissue fibrosis and cancer metastasis – are characterized by irreversible structural changes of the basement membrane through proteolytic processing by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We have recently reported a previously unidentified laminin fragment that is released during EMT by MMP2 and that modulates key EMT-signalling pathways. Specifically, interaction of the laminin fragment with α3β1-integrin triggers the down-regulation of MMP2 expression, thereby constituting a cell-basement membrane-cell feedback mechanism. Inhibiting MMPs has been proposed as a strategy to prevent pathological cell migration and basement membrane breakdown in the course of EMT. Here, we explore this cell-matrix-cell feedback mechanism to target pathological EMT in the course of tissue fibrosis. We present an electrospun biomaterial that is functionalized with the recombinant laminin fragment and that can be directly interfaced with epithelial tissue to interfere with EMT pathways and inhibit MMP2 expression and activity in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate how interaction of the functionalized synthetic membrane with peritoneal tissue inhibits mesothelial EMT in a mouse model of TGFβ-induced peritoneal fibrosis by decreasing active MMP2 levels, and propose a mechanism of how the laminin fragment acts downstream of α3β1-integrin in epithelial cells, after it is released from the basement membrane
Austrijsko-srpski projekat Praistorijski pejzaži u regionu Puste reke (Leskovac) – istraživanja 2017. godine
Izveštaj o aktivnostima projekta Pusta Reka tokom 2017. godine
Arheološka istraživanja na lokalitetu Svinjarička Čuka u 2018. i 2019. godini
Izveštaj o sistematskim arheološkim istraživanjima na lokalitetu Svinjarička čuka kod Lebana tokom 2018. i 2019. godine
Residual Endotoxin Contaminations in recombinant proteins are sufficient to activate human CD1c+ dendritic cells
Many commercially available recombinant proteins are produced in Escherichia coli, and most suppliers guarantee contamination levels of less than 1 endotoxin unit (EU). When we analysed commercially available proteins for their endotoxin content, we found contamination levels in the same range as generally stated in the data sheets, but also some that were higher. To analyse whether these low levels of contamination have an effect on immune cells, we stimulated the monocytic cell line THP-1, primary human monocytes, in vitro differentiated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and primary human CD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) with very low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; ranging from 0.0022 ng/ml). We show that CD1c+ DCs especially can be activated by minimal amounts of LPS, equivalent to the levels of endotoxin contamination we detected in some commercially available proteins. Notably, the enhanced endotoxin sensitivity of CD1c+ DCs was closely correlated with high CD14 expression levels observed in CD1c+ DCs that had been maintained in cell culture medium for 24 hours. When working with cells that are particularly sensitive to LPS, even low endotoxin contamination may generate erroneous data. We therefore recommend that recombinant proteins be thoroughly screened for endotoxin contamination using the limulus amebocyte lysate test, fluorescence-based assays, or a luciferase based NF-B reporter assay involving highly LPS-sensitive cells overexpressing TLR4, MD-2 and CD14
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