THE MARKET FOR E-COMMERCE SERVICES IN AGRICULTURE

We report results of a survey of 608 Ohio agribusinesses in 1999 and show them to be divided in their attitudes and acceptance of e-commerce. Half of the respondents report that their business has a web site, although many had taken a negative stance toward such a move. Nearly all say that the internet will significantly change their sector, and the majority of managers report that e-commerce has significantly affected the way they view their business.Marketing,

Unstable Subgrade, I 65, Hardin County (I 65 - 5 (17) 92; FSP 047-0065-091-0396)

During construction of the southbound lanes of I 65, Stations 120+00 to 218+00, in Hardin County, Kentucky, near Elizabethtown, large deformations were observed when dense-graded aggregate (DGA) base courses were loaded with construction traffic. Rutting and cracking of the DGA also was noticeable. A study was performed to determine the causes of the unstable subgrade and base, recommend remedial actions, and evaluate the effectiveness of the remedial measures. The stability, or bearing capacity, of the unstable pavement was determined for different construction stages and combinations of pavement layer thicknesses using a relatively new stability model HOPK-I. The stability of the pavement during early construction stages also was analyzed using Vesic’s bearing capacity equations; results were compared to those obtained from the ROPK-I stability model. Initially, a geotextile fabric had been placed on the clay subgrade in an attempt to stabilize the subgrade. Remedial action consisted of mixing the top 6 to 9 inches of DGA with 7 to 10 percent of portland cement. A 3-inch layer of DGA was placed between the cement-DGA mixture and asphaltic concrete to minimize reflective cracking. Remedial actions were analyzed using the HOPK-1 model and evaluated using the Road Rater. Based on stability analyses, the failure of the granular base was a result of a bearing capacity failure in the clay subgrade; the original design vas inadequate. Stability analyses and Road Rater results showed that the remedial action vastly improved the structural behavior of the pavement. Results indicate that the HOPK-I model may be a good analysis tool. The study also emphasizes the need to determine and analyze the constructability of pavement designs

Engineering Geognosy of the Western Coal Field

Engineering soils and geologic reports are invaluable tools for engineers, industrial leaders, community planners and administrators during preliminary stages of planning and site selection for construction projects. Such information can be used to great advantage by planners in making soil and geologic reconnaissance surveys, in organizing and checking field surveys, in correlating and predicting performances of soil and geologic materials, and in locating construction materials and resource deposits. Recognizing the need for this type of information, the Division of Research, Bureau of Highways, Kentucky Department of Transportation, has undertaken a study to report the engineering geognosy of Kentucky. The report herein presents and discusses engineering properties and behavior of unconsolidated surficial deposits and consolidated bedrock materials located in the ten counties of the Western Coal Field. These counties include Butler, Daviess, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Union and Webster. Engineering soils data were retrieved from design and construction plans of the Bureau of Highways, Kentucky Department of Transportation, for routes passing through the area, as well as from reports prepared by the Soil Conservation Service and other agencies and individuals. Tabulated in the report are engineering test data for some 1646 soil samples obtained from 1309 highway borings in the Western Coal Field. Brief descriptions of the geography, topography, pedology and geology of the area are given

ACUTE EFFECTS OF VERBAL FEEDBACK ON EXPLOSIVE UPPER-BODY PERFORMANCE IN ELITE ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of verbal feedback on the explosive upper-body performance of well-trained rugby union athletes in a resistance training session. Athletes (n = 9) completed two sessions of bench-throws with peak velocity feedback after each repetition, and two identical sessions without feedback. Within each session, three sets of four repetitions of bench-throw were completed. When feedback was received there was a small increase of 1.8% (90% confidence limits, ±2.7%) and 1.3% (±0.7%) in average peak power and velocity when averaged over the three sets. When individual sets were compared, there was a tendency towards greater increases in average peak power in the second and third sets. Benefits of feedback may be greatest in the latter sets of training and could improve training quality and adaptation

Furnace and support equipment for space processing

A core facility capable of performing a majority of materials processing experiments is discussed. Experiment classes are described, the needs peculiar to each experiment type are outlined, and projected facility requirements to perform the experiments are treated. Control equipment (automatic control) and variations of the Czochralski method for use in space are discussed

Laser Surface Preparation and Bonding of Aerospace Structural Composites

Adhesive bonds are critical to the integrity of built-up structures. Disbonds can often be detected but the strength of adhesion between surfaces in contact is not obtainable without destructive testing. Typically the number one problem in a bonded structure is surface contamination, and by extension, surface preparation. Standard surface preparation techniques, including grit blasting, manual abrasion, and peel ply, are not ideal because of variations in their application. Etching of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) panels using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser appears to be a highly precise and promising way to both clean a composite surface prior to bonding and provide a bond-promoting patterned surface akin to peel ply without the inherent drawbacks from the same (i.e., debris and curvature). CFRP surfaces prepared using laser patterns conducive to adhesive bonding were compared to typical prebonding surface treatments through optical microscopy, contact angle goniometry, and post-bonding mechanical testing

Analysis of Movements and Forces on Bridge Approaches: A Case Study (Bridge over Chesapeake Ave. on Interstate 471 in Campbell County, Kentucky)

A case study is presented of a bridge on Interstate 471 in Campbell County, Kentucky. The south approach to the bridge is a side-hill fill. During construction, the south intermediate piers tilted as a result of movement in the south approach foundation. Construction was temporarily halted on the south approach embankment, allowing pore pressures in the foundation to dissipate and slowing the movement. The piers were than reconstructed. The south approach end bents were instrumented with earth pressure meters. The piles were instrumented with slope inclinometers. Most recent data show that movement is continuing and the present factor of safety is approximately 1.03

Records of Zygopa michaelis Holthuis, 1960 (Decapoda: Anomura: Albuneidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

The albuneid mole crab, Zygopa michaelis Holthuis, 1960, which was originally described from Curaçao and recently reported from the Florida East coast (Gore and Becker 1977), is reported from the Gulf of Mexico off the Florida West coast. Of the seven specimens collected, six were taken in 38 m of water off Fort Myers and one in 42 m on the Florida Middle Ground. All seven specimens occurred in substrata composed primarily of carcareous sand

Chandra Observations of Galaxy Zoo Mergers: Frequency of Binary Active Nuclei in Massive Mergers

We present the results from a Chandra pilot study of 12 massive galaxy mergers selected from Galaxy Zoo. The sample includes major mergers down to a host galaxy mass of 10$^{11}$ $M_\odot$ that already have optical AGN signatures in at least one of the progenitors. We find that the coincidences of optically selected active nuclei with mildly obscured ($N_H \lesssim 1.1 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$) X-ray nuclei are relatively common (8/12), but the detections are too faint ($< 40$ counts per nucleus; $f_{2-10 keV} \lesssim 1.2 \times 10^{-13}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$) to reliably separate starburst and nuclear activity as the origin of the X-ray emission. Only one merger is found to have confirmed binary X-ray nuclei, though the X-ray emission from its southern nucleus could be due solely to star formation. Thus, the occurrences of binary AGN in these mergers are rare (0-8%), unless most merger-induced active nuclei are very heavily obscured or Compton thick.Comment: 8 pages, including 5 figures and 1 table. Accepted by Ap

Performance Monitoring of a Highway Tieback Wall (I 71, Carroll County, KY 227, Corrective Landslide Measure)

A tieback wall was used to control an earth slide on KY 227 in Carroll County. Herein is contained a description of the wall construction and problems encountered during construction. Also included are descriptions of materials used and wall components. The short-term wall performance indicates the tieback wall has controlled the earth slide and, to date, is a satisfactory solution. Long-term monitoring of the tieback wall will continue