Pembangunan Bioproses Penukaran Bahan Berlignoselulosa Kepada Gula Penurun Dan Bioetanol

Pelbagai jenis bahan berlignoselulosa telah disaring untuk memperolehi gula penurun yang maksimum melalui sistem fermentasi substrat pepejal dengan menggunakan pelbagai jenis pencilan kulat. Various types of lignocellulosic material were screened to obtain a maximum reducing sugar through solid substrate fermentation system by using different types of fungal strains

Studies on antibiotic compounds of methanol extract of Curculigo latifolia dryand

A research was conducted to study the effect of different parts of the extracts from Curculigo latifolia Dryand plant.  They were from the roots, stems and leaves by using methanol as the extraction solvent.  The antimicrobial activity of methanol extract from Curculigo latifolia Dryand was then performed on various tested bacteria, yeasts and fungi.  The results revealed that the extracts possessed antimicrobial activities on all of tested bacteria and yeasts. However, all the tested fungi exhibited resistant against all the different parts of Curculigo latifolia Dryand extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethality concentration (MLC) of the Curculigo latifolia Dryand extracts against bacteria and yeast cells were determined and the mode of action of the roots extract on the cells was studied by means of microscop

Sebatian Antibiotik Daripada Tanin Yang Oiekstrak Daripada Kulit Pokok Bakau Minyak, Rhizophora Apiculata Blume

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kesan Antimikrob ekstrak tanin daripada kulit pokok bakau minyak, Rhizophora apiculata Blume. A research was conducted to study the antimicrobial effects of tannin from barks of bakau minyak, Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Computational study of hemodynamics analysis between mri measurement and cfd simulation on segmented patient-specific cerebral aneurysm model

The implementation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was extensively performed to investigate the hemodynamics using segmented patient-specific cerebral aneurysm model geometry reconstructed from a medical image in this research. According to previous studies, the low-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical image produces a high measurement error and leads to inaccurate hemodynamics approximations with a large velocity difference of approximately 40 % between MRI measurement and CFD simulation. Besides, setting patient-specific boundary conditions before CFD analysis is critical, but there is no unified rule, especially for the setup of model geometry with bifurcation, which requires multiple outlet boundaries. Therefore, this study investigated the extracted model geometry with different threshold coefficients

Enhancement of reducing sugar production by A. niger USM AI1 on oil palm frond in tray system via solid state fermentation

To obtain higher reducing sugar production via solid state fermentation (SSF), it is necessary to develop a stabile bioprocess system. In this study, optimized the physical parameter of SSF in a shallow aluminium tray (30 cm x 20 cm x 6 cm) was carried out  in order to maximize  reducing sugar production by A. niger USM AI1 using oil palm frond as a substrate.  Production of reducing sugars before optimization in tray system was 185.00 ± 2.85 mg / g substrate with the fungal growth of 2.32 mg ± 0.06 glucosamine / g substrate. However, after optimization of physical parameter (amount of substrate, inoculum size, temperature and moisture content in substrate) the maximum reducing sugar yield was achieved 251.13 ± 1.95 mg / g substrate with the fungus growth of 3.21 ± 0.10 mg glucosamine / g on the 4 days of cultivation period.  The results showed that the production of reducing sugar was increased by 35.7% compared to before optimization.   Thus, optimized the physical parameter of solid state fermentation in a tray system has succeeded in increasing the production of reducing sugars. To meet the increasing demands of reducing sugar from biomass, it is necessary to obtain the optimum condition in SSF proces

Involvement of Physical Parameters in Medium Improvement for Tannase Production by Aspergillus niger FETL FT3 in Submerged Fermentation

Aspergillus niger FETL FT3, a local extracellular tannase producer strain that was isolated from one of dumping sites of tannin-rich barks of Rhizophora apiculata in Perak, Malaysia. This fungus was cultivated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask under submerged fermentation system. Various physical parameters were studied in order to maximize the tannase production. Maximal yield of tannase production, that is, 2.81 U per mL was obtained on the fourth day of cultivation when the submerged fermentation was carried out using liquid Czapek-Dox medium containing (percent; weight per volume) 0.25% NaNO3, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.05% MgSO4 ·7H2O, 0.05% KCl, and 1.0% tannic acid. The physical parameters used initial medium pH of 6.0, incubation temperature of 30°C, agitation speed of 200 rpm and inoculums size of 6 × 106 spores/ ml. This research has showed that physical parameters were influenced the tannase production by the fungus with 156.4 percent increment

Bacillus licheniformis BT5.9 Isolated from Changar Hot Spring, Malang, Indonesia, as a Potential Producer of Thermostable α-amylase

A total of 34 bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from Changar Hot Spring, Malang, indonesia. Of these, 13 isolates produced a zone of hydrolysis in starch-nutrient agar medium and generated various amylases in liquid medium. One isolate was selected as the best amylase producer and was identified as Bacillus licheniformis BT5.9. The improvement of culture conditions (initial medium pH of 5.0, cultivation temperature of 50°C, agitation speed of 100 rpm and inoculum size of 1.7 × 109 cells/ml) provided the highest amylase production (0.327 U/ml)

Effect of the Extract of Endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica CL-OP 30, Against the Growth of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica CL-OP 30 against the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia cells.Methods: Time-kill assay was used to examine the effect of the extract on the bacterial growth profile. The effects of extract on ultrastructure of MRSA and K. pneumoniae cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).Results: The time-kill test revealed that the bacteriocidal activity of the extract was both concentrationand time-dependent. After 12 h treatment, interaction of extract with MRSA cells resulted in the formation of pit, disintegration of cell wall and membrane, and ultimately cell death, while K. pneumoniae cells became crumpled, and the cell walls and membranes disintegrated, resulting in leakage of their cytoplasmic contents.Conclusion: These data suggest that the Nigrospora sphaerica CL-OP 30 extract principally affects the cell wall in growing MRSA and K. pneumonia cells.Keywords: Endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica, Antimicrobial activity, Cellular structure degeneratio

A perspective review: Technical study of combining phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics for blood flow on carotid bifurcation artery

Nowadays, the knowledge of precise blood flow patterns in human blood vessels, especially focusing on Carotid Bifurcations Artery (CBA)area by using computational and modern techniques are very important to develop our understanding regarding to human diseases for both essential research and clinical treatment. This paper tends to discuss the progress regarding to the integration between Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PC-MRI) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD),specifically to the human diseases. We technically define the model geometry reconstruction, review both PC-MRI and CFD methods to create mesh models, obtain boundary conditions, define the governing equations in CFD, define the material properties, and assumptions used in running the CFD simulations. Detailed information on PC-MRI and CFD is provided in tables, such as the MRI setup, software used, CFD model setup, measurement parameter, and summary of the result contribution from each reviewed article. Numerous fusions between PC-MRI and CFD are specified by summarizing the investigation carried out by significant group’s research, reviewing the important outcomes, and discussing the techniques, drawbacks and possibilities for further study. We hope that this perspective analysis will encourage a fusion of PC-MRI and CFD research contributing to continuous advancement of human health with close cooperation and collaboration among clinicians and engineers

ReFlex gamification for cerebral palsy kids

The available device in the market nowadays does not have a specific function on active movements, especiallay active range of motion (arom), where the movement of a joint provided entirely by the individual performing the exercise. most rehabilitation device needs full involvement of psysiotherapists during the rehabilitation sessio