Consistency and Specificity of Attachments to Parents, Friends, and Romantic Partners in Emerging Adulthood

The idea of a general working model of attachment suggests a high consistency among the attachments to different attachment figures. However, many empirical results show that attachments to different attachment figures differ substantially. In this study, 512 emerging adults rated their attachment quality to one parent, the romantic partner, and several friends over three measurement occasions. We used a multilevel structural equation model to examine the degree of consistency and different aspects of specificity. Attachment to parents was strongly associated with the attachment to friends (around r = .4) and less strongly with the attachment to romantic partners (around r = .3). However, most of the variance was specific to the different attachment figures. Attachments to different friends were more strongly correlated with each other than with the attachments to figures of other domains. The results hint at the existence of specific attachment patterns for every domain of attachment figures

Länderbericht zum Deutschen Freiwilligensurvey 2019

Dieses Open-Access-Buch bringt die Daten des Deutschen Freiwilligensurveys 2019 für einen Vergleich der Bundesländer Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein und Thüringen zusammen. Der Freiwilligensurvey wurde 2019 zum fünften Mal im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) durchgeführt. Die Ziele der vorliegenden Auswertung sind eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme des freiwilligen Engagements und weiterer Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns in den einzelnen Bundesländern sowie eine Darstellung zentraler Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf seit 1999. Des Weiteren wurden erstmals landesspezifische Charakteristika und die individuellen Kontexte und Umfeldbedingungen von freiwilligen Engagement analysiert. ; Dieses Open-Access-Buch bringt die Daten des Deutschen Freiwilligensurveys 2019 für einen Vergleich der Bundesländer Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein und Thüringen zusammen. Der Freiwilligensurvey wurde 2019 zum fünften Mal im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) durchgeführt. Die Ziele der vorliegenden Auswertung sind eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme des freiwilligen Engagements und weiterer Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns in den einzelnen Bundesländern sowie eine Darstellung zentraler Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf seit 1999. Des Weiteren wurden erstmals landesspezifische Charakteristika und die individuellen Kontexte und Umfeldbedingungen von freiwilligen Engagement analysiert

Within- and Between-Persons Effects of Self-Esteem and Affective State as Antecedents and Consequences of Dysfunctional Behaviors in the Everyday Lives of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

Dysfunctional behaviors are conceptualized as maladaptive affective coping attempts in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The recent benefits-and-barriers model extended the affective function assumption by adding self-esteem as a barrier to engaging in dysfunctional behaviors. Patients with BPD (N = 119) carried e-diaries to report their current selfesteem, emotional valence, tense arousal, and whether they engaged in dysfunctional behaviors 12 times a day for 4 days. Dynamic structural equation modeling revealed that on the within-person level, high momentary negative affect predicted dysfunctional behaviors, and on the between-person level, low trait self-esteem predicted dysfunctional behaviors. We also found an association between engaging in dysfunctional behaviors and momentary self-esteem and trait levels of valence and tense arousal. Moreover, our results indicate a deterioration of, rather than relief from, negative affective state after dysfunctional behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of emotion-regulation skills and reestablishing a positive self-view as important treatment targets to reduce dysfunctional behaviors in BPD

A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia

Dyspepsia remains a common and costly problem in primary care and gastroenterology practice; in most patients who are examined, no structural lesions causing these symptoms are found.1 Dyspepsia in the absence of a clinically identifiable structural lesion is referred to as functional dyspepsia,2,3 in part because disturbed gastrointestinal function is believed to play a role in the development of symptoms.4 Pharmacologic treatments for patients with functional dyspepsia remain unsatisfactory.5 The results of controlled trials have generally been disappointing, and only small benefits relative to placebo have been found with histamine H 2 -receptor antagonists,6 proton-pump inhibitors,7 and Helicobacter pylori eradication.8 Although several randomized, controlled trials and metaanalyses have demonstrated the superiority of cisapride over placebo,9-11 the use of cisapride is now restricted in most countries because of cardiac side effects. In Japan, itopride, which is a dopamine D2 antagonist with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory actions, is often prescribed for patients with functional dyspepsia. Although this drug has been shown to stimulate gastric motility,12 large, properly designed, randomized, controlled trials in patients with functional dyspepsia are lacking. In Japan, administration of 50 mg three times daily is standard practice. However, little is known regarding the dose response in other populations. For this reason, we aimed to study the efficacy of itopride in patients with functional dyspepsia in terms of symptom improvement and to compare various doses of itopride in terms of efficacy and safety in a white population. Methods Study Design and Patient Population Patients Outpatients who were considered to have functional dyspepsia on the basis of the Rome II criteria3 were eligible for the trial. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed if persistent or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort was present. Discomfort was characterized by the presence of one or more symptoms that included early satiety, postprandial fullness, bloating, and nausea

EEG Data Quality: Determinants and Impact in a Multicenter Study of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Electroencephalography (EEG) represents a widely established method for assessing altered and typically developing brain function. However, systematic studies on EEG data quality, its correlates, and consequences are scarce. To address this research gap, the current study focused on the percentage of artifact-free segments after standard EEG pre-processing as a data quality index. We analyzed participant-related and methodological influences, and validity by replicating landmark EEG effects. Further, effects of data quality on spectral power analyses beyond participant-related characteristics were explored. EEG data from a multicenter ADHD-cohort (age range 6 to 45 years), and a non-ADHD school-age control group were analyzed (ntotal = 305). Resting-state data during eyes open, and eyes closed conditions, and task-related data during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were collected. After pre-processing, general linear models, and stepwise regression models were fitted to the data. We found that EEG data quality was strongly related to demographic characteristics, but not to methodological factors. We were able to replicate maturational, task, and ADHD effects reported in the EEG literature, establishing a link with EEG-landmark effects. Furthermore, we showed that poor data quality significantly increases spectral power beyond effects of maturation and symptom severity. Taken together, the current results indicate that with a careful design and systematic quality control, informative large-scale multicenter trials characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan are feasible. Nevertheless, results are restricted to the limitations reported. Future work will clarify predictive value

Remote assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents: recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group following the clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic led ADHD services to modify the clinical practice to reduce in-person contact as much as possible to minimise viral spread. This had far-reaching effects on day-to-day clinical practice as remote assessments were widely adopted. Despite the attenuation of the acute threat from COVID, many clinical services are retaining some remote practices. The lack of clear evidence-based guidance about the most appropriate way to conduct remote assessments meant that these changes were typically implemented in a localised, ad hoc, and un-coordinated way. Here, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) discusses the strengths and weaknesses of remote assessment methods of children and adolescents with ADHD in a narrative review based on available data and expert opinions to highlight key recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. We conclude that going forward, despite remote working in clinical services functioning adequately during the pandemic, all required components of ADHD assessment should still be completed following national/international guidelines; however, the process may need adaptation. Social restrictions, including changes in education provision, can either mask or exacerbate features associated with ADHD and therefore assessment should carefully chart symptom profile and impairment prior to, as well as during an ongoing pandemic. While remote assessments are valuable in allowing clinical services to continue despite restrictions and may have benefits for routine care in the post-pandemic world, particular attention must be paid to those who may be at high risk but not be able to use/access remote technologies and prioritize these groups for conventional face-to-face assessments

Suche nach der Zc\it {Z_{c}}(3900)±\pm-Resonanz in e+e–e^{+}e^{–} →\rightarrow pnˉπ–\it {p\bar{n}\pi^{–}} + c.c. bei BESIII und Entwicklungen für die Photodetektoren des elektromagnetischen Kalorimeters des Pˉ\bar{P}ANDA-Experimentes

Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Suche nach der $\it {Z_{c}}$(3900)$\pm$-Resonanz in der Reaktion $e^{+}e^{–}$ $\rightarrow$ $\it {p\bar{n}\pi^{–}}$ + c.c. vorgestellt. Die $\it {Z_{c}}$(3900)$\pm$-Resonanz ist ein geladener charmoniumähnlicher Zustand, der als erstes experimentell beobachtetes Tetraquark gilt. Die analysierten Daten wurden mit Hilfe des BESIII-Experimentes aufgenommen. Es konnte erstmalig eine obere Grenze für den Wirkungsquerschnitt $\sigma$($e^{+}e^{–}$ $\rightarrow$ $\it {Z_{c}}$(3900)$\pm\pi^{-}$) · B($\it {Z_{c}}$(3900)$\pm$ $\rightarrow$ $\it {p\bar{n}}$ + c.c.) und den Produktionswirkungsquerschnitt in einer $\it {p\bar{n}}$- und $\it {p\bar{n}}$-Kollision bestimmt werden. Im zweiten Teil werden verschiedene Entwicklungen für die Photodetektoren des elektromagnetischen Kalorimeters (EMC) des $\bar{P}$ANDA-Experimentes präsentiert. Neben Avalanche-Photodioden kommen auch Vakuumphototetroden (VPTT) im EMC zum Einsatz. Es wird auf die Charakterisierung der VPTTs und die Bestimmung der benötigten Verstärkung der Vorverstärker näher eingegangen. Abschließend werden Optimierungsprozesse bezüglich des Zusammenbaus eines Submoduls behandelt

Irritable bowel syndrome

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New YorkPatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent among subjects seeking medical attention at the general practitioner or specialist level. While IBS lacks any disease associated excess mortality, this disorders is relevant to the affected subjects due to the considerable burden with regard to the symptoms and an impaired quality of life. Furthermore, this disease has a substantial impact on society due to the economical consequences. In recent years substantial progress has been achieved regarding our pathophysiological understanding. However, as usual, there has been a substantial delay between the discovery of disease mechanisms and its translation into improved patient care. For diagnosing IBS standardized criteria have been established (i. e. Rome II- or the DGVS-criteria). Regarding treatment, life style advice such as avoidance of specific nutrients that precipitate or aggravate or the "little psychotherapy" (addressing patients concerns and anxiety regarding the symptoms) are considered essential. However, the overall response rate is disappointing. Evidence-based pharmacological interventions include herbal preparations, spasmolytics, low dose tricyclic antidepressants and 5-HT-3-receptor antagonists and 5-HT-4-receptor agonists. At present no cure for patients with IBS exists. Thus, all currently available treatments target palliation of symptoms. This, however, may change in the future.B. Adam, T. Liebregts, G. Holtman