26,577 research outputs found
Study to determine and improve design for lithium-doped solar cells Quarterly report, 1 Jan. - 31 Mar. 1971
Lithium donor density gradient measurements for prediction of lithium cell behavior after electron irradiation and recoverabilit
Behaviour change interventions to influence antimicrobial prescribing: a cross-sectional analysis of reports from UK state-of-the-art scientific conferences
Background To improve the quality of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions the application of behavioural sciences supported by multidisciplinary collaboration has been recommended. We analysed major UK scientific research conferences to investigate AMS behaviour change intervention reporting. Methods Leading UK 2015 scientific conference abstracts for 30 clinical specialties were identified and interrogated. All AMS and/or antimicrobial resistance(AMR) abstracts were identified using validated search criteria. Abstracts were independently reviewed by four researchers with reported behavioural interventions classified using a behaviour change taxonomy. Results Conferences ran for 110 days with >57,000 delegates. 311/12,313(2.5%) AMS-AMR abstracts (oral and poster) were identified. 118/311(40%) were presented at the UK’s infectious diseases/microbiology conference. 56/311(18%) AMS-AMR abstracts described behaviour change interventions. These were identified across 12/30(40%) conferences. The commonest abstract reporting behaviour change interventions were quality improvement projects [44/56 (79%)]. In total 71 unique behaviour change functions were identified. Policy categories; “guidelines” (16/71) and “service provision” (11/71) were the most frequently reported. Intervention functions; “education” (6/71), “persuasion” (7/71), and “enablement” (9/71) were also common. Only infection and primary care conferences reported studies that contained multiple behaviour change interventions. The remaining 10 specialties tended to report a narrow range of interventions focusing on “guidelines” and “enablement”. Conclusion Despite the benefits of behaviour change interventions on antimicrobial prescribing, very few AMS-AMR studies reported implementing them in 2015. AMS interventions must focus on promoting behaviour change towards antimicrobial prescribing. Greater focus must be placed on non-infection specialties to engage with the issue of behaviour change towards antimicrobial use
Study to determine and improve design for lithium-doped solar cells Quarterly report, 1 Apr. - 30 Jun. 1970
Lithium action effects on spontaneous annealing of radiation damage in bulk silicon and silicon solar cell
Alternative derivation of the Feigel effect and call for its experimental verification
A recent theory by Feigel [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 020404 (2004)] predicts
the finite transfer of momentum from the quantum vacuum to a fluid placed in
strong perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. The momentum transfer arises
because of the optically anisotropic magnetoelectric response induced in the
fluid by the fields. After summarising Feigel's original assumptions and
derivation (corrected of trivial mistakes), we rederive the same result by a
simpler route, validating Feigel's semi-classical approach. We then derive the
stress exerted by the vacuum on the fluid which, if the Feigel hypothesis is
correct, should induce a Poiseuille flow in a tube with maximum speed m/s (2000 times larger than Feigel's original prediction). An experiment
is suggested to test this prediction for an organometallic fluid in a tube
passing through the bore of a high strength magnet. The predicted flow can be
measured directly by tracking microscopy or indirectly by measuring the flow
rate (ml/min) corresponding to the Poiseuille flow. A second
experiment is also proposed whereby a `vacuum radiometer' is used to test a
recent prediction that the net force on a magnetoelectric slab in the vacuum
should be zero.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figures. revised and improved versio
Action of lithium in radiation hardened silicon solar cells Quarterly report, 23 Apr. - 15 Jul. 1968
Recovery properties of lithium containing p-n silicon solar cells after radiation damag
Anisotropy, disorder, and superconductivity in CeCu2Si2 under high pressure
Resistivity measurements were carried out up to 8 GPa on single crystal and
polycrystalline samples of CeCu2Si2 from differing sources in the homogeneity
range. The anisotropic response to current direction and small uniaxial
stresses was explored, taking advantage of the quasi-hydrostatic environment of
the Bridgman anvil cell. It was found that both the superconducting transition
temperature Tc and the normal state properties are very sensitive to uniaxial
stress, which leads to a shift of the valence instability pressure Pv and a
small but significant change in Tc for different orientations with respect to
the tetragonal c-axis. Coexistence of superconductivity and residual
resistivity close to the Ioffe-Regel limit around 5 GPa provides a compelling
argument for the existence of a valence-fluctuation mediated pairing
interaction at high pressure in CeCu2Si2.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Action of lithium in radiation-hardened silicon solar cells Quarterly report, 16 Jul. - 15 Oct. 1968
Action of lithium in recovery of irradiated silicon solar cell
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Risk perception of antimicrobial resistance by infection control specialists in Europe: a case-vignette study
Background
Using case-vignettes, we assessed the perception of European infection control (IC) specialists regarding the individual and collective risk associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among inpatients.
Methods
In this study, sixteen case-vignettes were developed to simulate hospitalised patient scenarios in the field of AMR and IC. A total of 245 IC specialists working in different hospitals from 15 European countries were contacted, among which 149 agreed to participate in the study. Using an online database, each participant scored five randomly-assigned case-vignettes, regarding the perceived risk associated with six different multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), varying from 0 (poor) to 1 (perfect), was used to assess the agreement for the risk on a 7-point Likert scale. High risk and low/neutral risk scorers were compared regarding their national, organisational and individual characteristics.
Results
Between January and May 2017, 149 participants scored 655 case-vignettes. The perceptions of the individual (clinical outcome) and collective (spread) risks were consistently lower than other MDRO for extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae cases and higher for carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cases. Regarding CPE cases, answers were influenced more by the resistance pattern (93%) than for other MDRO. The risk associated with vancomycin resistant Enterococci cases was considered higher for the collective impact than for the individual outcome (63% vs 40%). The intra-country agreement regarding the individual risk was globally poor varying from 0.00 (ICC: 0–0.25) to 0.51 (0.18–0.85). The overall agreement across countries was poor at 0.20 (0.07–0.33). IC specialists working in hospitals preserved from MDROs perceived a higher individual (local, p = 0.01; national, p < 0.01) and collective risk (local and national p < 0.01) than those frequently exposed to bacteraemia. Conversely, IC specialists working in hospitals with a high MDRO clinical burden had a decreased risk perception.
Conclusions
The perception of the risk associated with AMR varied greatly across IC specialists and countries, relying on contextual factors including the epidemiology. IC specialists working in high prevalence areas may underestimate both the individual and collective risks, and might further negatively promote the MDRO spread. These finding highlight the need to shape local and national control strategies according to risk perceptions and contextual factors
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