Modelling studies on soil-mediated response to acid deposition and climate variability

The impact of acidifying atmospheric precipitation and climate variability on forest soil was studied using three approaches: (i) dynamic process-oriented modelling, (ii) static vulnerability assessment, and (iii) non-linear response pattern identification. The dynamic soil acidification model MIDAS is presented, with applications at the plot and catchment scale in Norway, Sweden and Finland, which show that growing vegetation contributes to soil acidification and which illustrate that the recovery phase is not symmetrical to the acidification phase. I report the results of an analysis using the SMART acidification model and the DEPUPT nutrient uptake model for selected deposition and forest growth scenarios at the Integrated Monitoring site of Hietajärvi, eastern Finland. The results show the importance of how the present day deposition is estimated. A combinatory matrix approach is described that uses regional data together with expert judgement to provide an assessment of groundwater sensitivity to acidification in Europe, without the need for detailed mathematical process formulations. I also demonstrate the variability that is introduced in the Finnish critical loads of sulphur for forest soils by using alternative criteria and by extending the critical loads model to include organic complexation of aluminium and the leaching of organic anions. The impact of climate variability on runoff water quality is illustrated with an empirical stream water model that builds on artificial neural networks for reproducing patterns in the observations of TOC, Ntot and Ptot at Hietajärvi, and also at Valkea-Kotinen, an Integrated Monitoring site in southern Finland. The stream water model is used to predict changes in element fluxes from these forested catchments in response to climate change.reviewe

Suunnittelijan motiivia ja sanomaa etsimässä : Muotielokuva vaatetussuunnittelijan ilmaisuvälineenä

Opinnäytetyön aiheena on suunnittelijan identiteetin, motiivin ja sanoman määrittely, sekä niiden kautta tarinan löytäminen muotielokuvaa varten. Lisäksi työssä käsitellään fashion film -tyylilajia; sen olemusta ja käyttöä muodin alalla. Muotielokuvan suunnittelutyön myötä syntyi suunnitelma elokuvan narratiivia ja puvustusta varten, mutta myös kirjoittajan kehittämä niin kutsuttu luovan työn prosessikuvio. Luovan työn prosessikuvion osatekijät ovat suunnittelijaidentiteetti, motiivi, sanoma, väline ja teos. Suunnittelutyön myötä suunnittelijalle kävi ilmi näiden elementtien syy- ja seuraussuhteet, josta syystä opinnäytetyön rakenne ja viitekehys perustuvat niihin. Suunnittelutyöstä ja opinnäytetyön kirjoittamisesta kehkeytyi hyvin syvällinen elämäntapamuutosta tukeva prosessi, jonka ansiosta kirjoittaja määritti uuden suunnittelijaidentiteettinsä, löysi sisäiset motiivinsa, ideoi elämäntarinastaan kertovan muotielokuvan sekä visioi siihen soveltuvan puvustuksen. Työn kautta suunnittelija oppi suunnitteluprosessin tärkeyden luovassa työssä ja löysi motiivin jatkuvalle kirjoittamiselle sekä terapeuttisen taiteen luomiselle.The subject of this thesis is the designer´s search for the identity, motive and message, through which she sought to find the storyline for her fashion film. In addition, the work discusses the fashion film genre; its essence and use in the fashion industry. The design work gave birth to the narrative and the plan for the costumes of the fashion film, but also produced a figure that shows the process of any creative work. This process figure of creative work encompasses the designer´s identity, motive, message, tools and the piece of work. The designer identified the causal connection between these factors through the design work and, therefore, the thesis is constructed on the basis of them. The design work and the writing of this thesis became a profound process that contributed to a lifestyle change. The writer redefined her designer identity and found her intrinsic motives. She also planned the fashion film, which tells her lifestory and came up with visions for the costumes. Through this work, the designer learned the importance of the design process in creative work and she found the motive for continued writing on the subject and the motive for creating therapeutic art

Ester-based surfactants: Are they stable enough?

Surfactants with an ester bond connecting the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are common. They are easy to synthesize, they can often be made from natural raw materials and their biodegradation profile is generally good, partly due to lipase or esterase catalyzed breakdown of the ester bond in sewage plants. A labile ester bond in the molecule may cause problems, however. Surfactants are often formulated at relatively high pH and it is important that they remain intact for a given period of time. In this article we discuss alkaline hydrolysis of different types of ester-based surfactants—cationic, anionic and nonionic—and also of surfactant mixtures. We show that the ester bond in a surfactant has a different hydrolysis pattern than ester bonds in non-surface active uncharged molecules. Cationic ester-based surfactants are hydrolyzed rapidly while anionic and also nonionic ester-containing surfactants are relatively resistant to hydrolysis

”Vad har tanten på armen?”: Kropp, hälsa och sjukdom i berättelser om diabetes typ 1

Inga abstrakt i detta numme

"Förfarandet att avlägsna en utlänning" En diskursanalytisk studie av Förvarsutredningen

The purpose of this study was to examine, with a social constructionist and discourse analytic approach, how detention, detainment and forced return are represented in two Official Reports of the Swedish Government named “Förvarsutredningen” (Detention Report) (SOU 2009:60, SOU 2011:17). The aim of this study was also to examine how the proposals that are suggested in the reports are presented, argued for and legitimized as well as to consider the social implications of these representations. The analytical tools that have been used to analyse the reports are borrowed from critical discourse analysis and discursive discrimination. The study concludes that the reports represent detention, detainment and forced removal as necessary, inevitable and legitimate measures, at least as long as these procedures are properly formalized by law. By focusing on ways to increase and insure the rule of law in regard to these procedures, the reports at the same time normalize and legitimize these social practices further. Due to the limited alternatives that are presented in the reports, the suggested proposals appear to be the most generous and sympathetic alternatives available. The study shows that the bureaucratic and legal language that is used in the reports often literally leave out the individuals involved in the process of detainment and forced return. This tends to objectify the individuals that the measures are addressed to and at the same time make these processes appear like something that just happens, without any human involvement. The study concludes that the representations that are made in the reports normalize, legitimize and fortify the social practice of detainment and forced return in a significant way. This may result in a continuing expansion of this social practice that most likely will have serious implications for the human beings that these measures are addressed to, as well as for how the members of society view and treat these people

Anticipatory Modeling and Simulation for Inter Regional Security

Peer reviewe

Do adolescents understand the items of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) – German version? Findings from cognitive interviews of the project “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents” (MOHLAA) in Germany

Domanska OM, Firnges C, Bollweg TM, Sørensen K, Holmberg C, Jordan S. Do adolescents understand the items of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) – German version? Findings from cognitive interviews of the project “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents” (MOHLAA) in Germany. Archives of Public Health. 2018;76(1): 46

Quantification of the effect of environmental changes on the brownification of Lake Kukkia in southern Finland

The browning of surface waters due to the increased terrestrial loading of dissolved organic carbon is observed across the northern hemisphere. Brownification is often explained by changes in large-scale anthropogenic pressures (including acidification, and climate and land-use changes). We quantified the effect of environmental changes on the brownification of an important lake for birds, Kukkia in southern Finland. We studied the past trends of organic carbon loading from catchments based on observations taken since the 1990s. We created hindcasting scenarios for deposition, climate and land-use change in order to simulate their quantitative effect on brownification by using process-based models. Changes in forest cuttings were shown to be the primary reason for the brownification. According to the simulations, a decrease in deposition has resulted in a slightly lower leaching of total organic carbon (TOC). In addition, runoff and TOC leaching from terrestrial areas to the lake was smaller than it would have been without the observed increasing trend in temperature by 2 & DEG;C in 25 years