A study of prescription pattern in the drug therapy of acne vulgaris at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India

Background: Acne Vulgaris is the most common skin disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes activity, affecting about 80% of teenagers and has considerable psychological and social consequences and physical disability. Use of established topical and oral drugs assumes paramount importance in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Therefore, periodic auditing of prescription is necessary to increase therapeutic benefit and decrease adverse effects. Aim and objectives of the study was to evaluate the pattern of prescription and its rationale in the drug therapy of acne vulgaris. To monitor the adverse effects, if any.Methods: A prospective, hospital based, observational study. Data was collected for a period of 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015 from the outpatient records in the OPD of Dermatology at Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore, in a specifically designed proforma.Results: The prescription data of 346 patients were analyzed of which 45.1% were males with an average age of 21.94±0.3 years. Among the four grades of Acne Vulgaris, Grade II (53.17%) was more prevalent followed by Grade I (26.58%), Grade III (13.87%) and Grade IV (6.35%). The number of drugs prescribed for topical use was 514 of which the most commonly prescribed drugs were Benzoyl Peroxide (19.46%), a combination of Tretinoin and Clindamycin (17.12%), Tretinoin alone (12.45%), Clindamycin alone (10.51%) etc. The number of drugs prescribed for systemic use was 98 consisting of Doxycycline (55.1%), Azithromycin (34.7%), Isotretinoin (6.12%) and Erythromycin (4.08%).Conclusions: There was rationality in most of the prescriptions giving no scope for polypharmacy

Self care activities among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore Karnataka, India

Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self‑care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial. Aim: The aim was to determine the practice of self‑care activities among people with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A facility‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted in Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore during September–October 2012. A total of 290 patients with >1‑year duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) were asked to respond to summary diabetes self‑care activities questionnaire after obtaining the consent from them. The statistical analysis was performed in terms of descriptive statistics and association between the variables was tested using Mann–Whitney U‑test. Results: A healthy eating plan on a daily basis was followed by 45.9% (133/290) of the participants, daily exercises for 30 min were followed by 43.4% (126/290), and regular blood sugar monitoring was done by 76.6% (222/290). Regarding the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, daily adherence to medication was seen among 60.5% (155/256) and 66.9% (138/206) were found to be adherent to insulin injections on a daily basis. Conclusions: Self‑care practices were found to be unsatisfactory in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and treatment adherence. As these practices are essential for prevention of complications and better quality‑of ‑life, more efforts should be put to educate the people with diabetes.Keywords: Cross‑sectional studies, Diabetes mellitus, India, Self‑car

2-(2-Methoxy­phen­yl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole

In the title mol­ecule, C12H15NO2, the oxazole ring adopts an envelope conformation. Overall, the mol­ecule is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the mean plane through all but the methyl­ene C atom of the five-membered ring and the aromatic ring being 8.6 (1)°. A weak C—H⋯O inter­action contributes to the stabilization of the crystal structure

Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcones and Pyrazolines derived from Substituted Aryl ether

Few novel chalcones were synthesised by treating 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy benzaldehyde with different substituted ketones and characterised using 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The chalcones synthesised were further treated with hydrazine hydrate to get corresponding pyrazolines. The newly synthesised pyrazolines were characterised by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry

4-[(5-Hydr­oxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl­meth­yl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one ethanol hemisolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C27H24N4O2·0.5C2H6O, comprises two crystallographically independent mol­ecules (A and B) with slightly different conformations, and one ethanol mol­ecule of crystallization. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate six- and eight-membered rings, producing S(6) and S(8) ring motifs, respectively. In mol­ecule A, one of the benzene rings is disordered over two positions, with site-occupancy factors of 0.542 (11) and 0.458 (11). The dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the two outer benzene rings are 73.88 (9) and 82.6 (2)/88.9 (2)° in mol­ecule A, and 80.81 (8) and 79.38 (8)° in mol­ecule B. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules form infinite one-dimensional chains in the (101) plane. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯N, N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C—H⋯π and π–π [centroid–centroid = 3.5496 (1) Å] inter­actions

Chronic granulomatous disease, the McLeod phenotype and the contiguous gene deletion syndrome-a review

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), a disorder of the NADPH oxidase system, results in phagocyte functional defects and subsequent infections with bacterial and fungal pathogens (such as Aspergillus species and Candida albicans). Deletions and missense, frameshift, or nonsense mutations in the gp91phox gene (also termed CYBB), located in the Xp21.1 region of the X chromosome, are associated with the most common form of CGD. When larger X-chromosomal deletions occur, including the XK gene deletion, a so-called "Contiguous Gene Deletion Syndrome" may result. The contiguous gene deletion syndrome is known to associate the Kell phenotype/McLeod syndrome with diseases such as X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. These patients are often complicated and management requires special attention to the various facets of the syndrome

4-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)aniline

In the title compound, C8H8N4, the dihedral angle between the triazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.003 (1) Å] and the benzene ring is 34.57 (7)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into sheets lying parallel to the ac plane via inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Aromatic π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6750 (8) Å] stacking and N—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of nitro-furylvinylquinazolinones

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