Health Care System in Foreign Countries. On The Example of the States of the Usa, France, Great Britain

In this article, the socio-economic model of health care, private health care models that are not managed by the state, the concept of guaranteed medical care, as well as the medical insurance program for certain segments of the population are shown on the example of the states of the United States, France, Great Britain, the mandatory private health care system

Long-term safety and efficacy of pegunigalsidase alfa: A multicenter 6-year study in adult patients with Fabry disease

Purpose: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the GLA gene encoding α-galactosidase (α-Gal)-A. We evaluated long-term safety/efficacy of pegunigalsidase alfa, a novel PEGylated α-Gal-A enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) now approved for FD. Methods: In a phase-1/2 dose-ranging study, 15 ERT-naive adults with FD completed 12 months of pegunigalsidase alfa and enrolled in this 60-month open-label extension of 1 mg/kg pegunigalsidase alfa infusions every 2 weeks. Results: Fifteen patients enrolled (8 males; 7 females); 10 completed ≥48 months (60 months total treatment), and 2 completed 60 months (72 months total treatment). During treatment, most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild/moderate in severity and all infusion-related reactions were mild/moderate in severity. Four patients were transiently positive for anti-pegunigalsidase alfa IgG. Patients showed continuous reduction in plasma lyso-Gb3 concentrations with mean (standard error) reduction of 76.1 [25.1] ng/mL from baseline to month 24. At 60 months, the estimated glomerular filtration rate slope was comparable to that observed in patients treated with other ERTs. Cardiac function assessments revealed stability; no cardiac fibrosis was observed. Conclusion: In this first long-term assessment of pegunigalsidase alfa administration in patients with FD, we found favorable safety/efficacy. Our data suggest long-term continuous benefits of pegunigalsidase alfa treatment in adults with FD

Pegunigalsidase alfa, a novel PEGylated enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease, provides sustained plasma concentrations and favorable pharmacodynamics: A 1-year Phase 1/2 clinical trial

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of SSIEM Pegunigalsidase alfa, a novel PEGylated, covalently crosslinked form of α-galactosidase A developed as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry disease (FD), was designed to increase plasma half-life and reduce immunogenicity, thereby enhancing efficacy compared with available products. Symptomatic adults with FD participated in this open-label, 3-month dose-ranging study, followed by a 9-month extension. Three cohorts were enrolled in a stepwise manner, each receiving increased doses of pegunigalsidase alfa: 0.2, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg, via intravenous infusion every other week. Pharmacokinetic analysis occurred on Day 1 and Months 3, 6, and 12. Kidney biopsies at baseline and Month 6 assessed peritubular capillary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) content. Renal function, cardiac parameters, and other clinical endpoints were assessed throughout. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were assessed. Sixteen patients completed 1 year's treatment. Mean terminal plasma half-life (each cohort) ranged from 53 to 121 hours. All 11 male and 1 of 7 female patients presented with classic FD phenotype, in whom renal peritubular capillary Gb3 inclusions were reduced by 84%. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 111 mL/min/1.73 m 2 at baseline, remaining stable throughout treatment. Three patients developed treatment-induced IgG ADAs; following 1 year's treatment, all became ADA-negative. Nearly all treatment-emergent AEs were mild or moderate. One patient withdrew from the study following a serious related AE. Pegunigalsidase alfa may represent an advance in ERT for FD, based on its unique pharmacokinetics and apparent low immunogenicity

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of three dosing regimens of agalsidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in adults with Fabry disease

Lubor Goláň,1 Ozlem Goker-Alpan,2 Myrl Holida,3 Ikka Kantola,4 Mariusz Klopotowski,5 Johanna Kuusisto,6 Aleš Linhart,1 Jacek Musial,7 Kathleen Nicholls,8 Derlis Gonzalez-Rodriguez,9 Reena Sharma,10 Bojan Vujkovac,11 Peter Chang,12 Anna Wijatyk12 1First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Lysosomal Research and Treatment Unit, Fairfax, VA, USA; 3Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; 4Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; 5Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; 6Department of Medicine, Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 8Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 9Instituto Privado de Hematologia E Investigacion Clinica (IPHIC), Asuncion, Paraguay; 10Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; 11General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia; 12Shire, Lexington, MA, USA Purpose: Efficacy and safety of agalsidase alfa at 0.2 mg/kg weekly were compared with 0.2 mg/kg every other week (EOW). Exploratory analyses were performed for 0.4 mg/kg weekly.Patients and methods: This was a 53-week, Phase III/IV, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01124643) in treatment-naïve adults (≥18 years) with Fabry disease. Inclusion criteria were left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline, defined as left ventricular mass indexed to height >50 g/m2.7 for males and >47 g/m2.7 for females. Primary endpoint was reduction of left ventricular mass indexed to height as assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints included cardiac (peak oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk test, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, New York Heart Association classification), renal (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate), and biomarker (plasma globotriaosylceramide) assessments. Safety endpoints were adverse events and anti–agalsidase alfa antibodies.Results: Twenty patients were randomized to 0.2 mg/kg EOW (mean age, 50.3 years; 70% male), 19 to 0.2 mg/kg weekly (51.8 years; 53% male), and 5 to 0.4 mg/kg weekly (49.4 years; 40% male). The mean change in left ventricular mass indexed to height by Week 53 in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups was 3.2 g/m2.7 and 0.5 g/m2.7, with no significant difference between groups. No clinically meaningful changes by Week 53 were found within or between the 0.2-mg/kg groups for peak oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk test, or Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Two patients in each group improved by ≥1 New York Heart Association classi­fication. No significant differences were found between 0.2 mg/kg EOW and weekly for mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.21 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs -3.32 mL/min/1.73 m2) or plasma globotriaosylceramide (-1.05 nmol/mL vs -2.13 nmol/mL), respectively. Infusion-related adverse events were experienced by 25% and 21% in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups. Tachycardia, fatigue, and hypotension were experienced by two or more patients overall. Anti–agalsidase alfa antibodies were detected in 11.4% of patients and neutralizing antibodies in 6.8%. Infusion-related reactions did not appear to be correlated with antibody status.Conclusion: No efficacy or safety differences were found when the approved EOW dosage of agalsidase alfa was increased to weekly administration. Exploratory analyses for 0.4 mg/kg weekly showed similar results. Keywords: adverse events, exercise tolerance, left ventricular hypertrophy, lysosomal storage disorder, quality of life, renal functio