Installation of a Dome Shelter on Mount Logan, Yukon Territory

Describes the design and installation of a type of geodesic dome shelter to be used as living quarters for researchers on Mt. Logan, Yukon Territory. Information on the selection and description of the canopy, the foundations, installation, and performance of the structure is included

A single amino acid determines preference between phospholipids and reveals length restriction for activation ofthe S1P₄ receptor

Background<br/><br/> Sphingosine-1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are ligands for two related families of G protein-coupled receptors, the S1P and LPA receptors, respectively. The lysophospholipid ligands of these receptors are structurally similar, however recognition of these lipids by these receptors is highly selective. A single residue present within the third transmembrane domain (TM) of S1P receptors is thought to determine ligand selectivity; replacement of the naturally occurring glutamic acid with glutamine (present at this position in the LPA receptors) has previously been shown to be sufficient to change the specificity of S1P<sub>1</sub> from S1P to 18:1 LPA.<br/><br/> Results<br/><br/> We tested whether mutation of this "ligand selectivity" residue to glutamine could confer LPA-responsiveness to the related S1P receptor, S1P<sub>4</sub>. This mutation severely affected the response of S1P<sub>4</sub> to S1P in a [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS binding assay, and imparted sensitivity to LPA species in the order 14:0 LPA > 16:0 LPA > 18:1 LPA. These results indicate a length restriction for activation of this receptor and demonstrate the utility of using LPA-responsive S1P receptor mutants to probe binding pocket length using readily available LPA species. Computational modelling of the interactions between these ligands and both wild type and mutant S1P<sub>4</sub> receptors showed excellent agreement with experimental data, therefore confirming the fundamental role of this residue in ligand recognition by S1P receptors.<br/><br/> Conclusions<br/><br/> Glutamic acid in the third transmembrane domain of the S1P receptors is a general selectivity switch regulating response to S1P over the closely related phospholipids, LPA. Mutation of this residue to glutamine confers LPA responsiveness with preference for short-chain species. The preference for short-chain LPA species indicates a length restriction different from the closely related S1P<sub>1</sub> receptor

Origin of the approximate universality of distributions in equilibrium correlated systems

We propose an interpretation of previous experimental and numerical experiments, showing that for a large class of systems, distributions of global quantities are similar to a distribution originally obtained for the magnetization in the 2D-XY model . This approach, developed for the Ising model, is based on previous numerical observations. We obtain an effective action using a perturbative method, which successfully describes the order parameter fluctuations near the phase transition. This leads to a direct link between the D-dimensional Ising model and the XY model in the same dimension, which appears to be a generic feature of many equilibrium critical systems and which is at the heart of the above observations.Comment: To appear in Europhysics Letter

Long period Ap stars discovered with TESS data

Context. The TESS space mission has a primary goal to search for exoplanets around bright, nearby stars. Because of the high precision photometry required for the main mission, it also is producing superb data for asteroseismology, eclipsing binary stars, gyrochronology – any field of stellar astronomy where the data are variable light curves. Aims. In this work we show that the TESS data are excellent for astrophysical inference from peculiar stars that show no variability. The Ap stars have the strongest magnetic fields of any main-sequence stars. Some Ap stars have also been shown to have rotation periods of months, years, decades and even centuries. The astrophysical cause of their slow rotation – the braking mechanism – is not known with certainty. These stars are rare: there are currently about 3 dozen with known periods. Methods. The magnetic Ap stars have long-lived spots that allow precise determination of their rotation periods. We argue, and show, that most Ap stars with TESS data that show no low-frequency variability must have rotation periods longer than, at least, a TESS sector of 27 d. Results. From this we find 60 Ap stars in the southern ecliptic hemisphere TESS data with no rotational variability, of which at most a few can be pole-on, and six likely have nearly aligned magnetic and rotation axes. Of the other 54, 31 were previously known to have long rotation periods or very low projected equatorial velocities, which proves our technique; 23 are new discoveries. These are now prime targets for long-term magnetic studies. We also find that 12 of the 54 (22 per cent) long-period Ap stars are roAp stars, versus only 3 per cent (29 out of 960) of the other Ap stars studied with TESS in sectors 1−13, showing that the roAp phenomenon is correlated with rotation, although this correlation is not necessarily causal. In addition to probing rotation in Ap stars, these constant stars are also excellent targets to characterise the instrumental behaviour of the TESS cameras, as well as for the CHEOPS and PLATO missions. Conclusions. This work demonstrates astrophysical inference from nonvariable stars – we can get “something for nothing”

Topological Sector Fluctuations and Curie Law Crossover in Spin Ice

At low temperatures, a spin ice enters a Coulomb phase - a state with algebraic correlations and topologically constrained spin configurations. In Ho2Ti2O7, we have observed experimentally that this process is accompanied by a non-standard temperature evolution of the wave vector dependent magnetic susceptibility, as measured by neutron scattering. Analytical and numerical approaches reveal signatures of a crossover between two Curie laws, one characterizing the high temperature paramagnetic regime, and the other the low temperature topologically constrained regime, which we call the spin liquid Curie law. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with neutron scattering experiments. On a more general footing, i) the existence of two Curie laws appears to be a general property of the emergent gauge field for a classical spin liquid, and ii) sheds light on the experimental difficulty of measuring a precise Curie-Weiss temperature in frustrated materials; iii) the mapping between gauge and spin degrees of freedom means that the susceptibility at finite wave vector can be used as a local probe of fluctuations among topological sectors.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Origin and significance of 'dispersed facies' basal ice: Svínafellsjökull, Iceland

Dispersed facies basal ice - massive (i.e. structureless) ice with dispersed debris aggregates - is present at the margins of many glaciers and, as a product of internal glacial processes, has the potential to provide important information about the mechanisms of glacier flow and the nature of the subglacial environment. The origin of dispersed facies is poorly understood, with several hypotheses having been advanced for its formation, and there is disagreement as to whether it is largely a sedimentary or a tectonic feature. We test these established hypotheses at the temperate glacier Svfnafellsjokull, Iceland, and find that none fully account for dispersed facies characteristics at this location. Instead, dispersed facies physical, sedimentological and stable-isotope (5180, 8D) characteristics favour a predominantly tectonic origin that we suggest comprises the regelation and straininduced metamorphism of debris-rich basal ice that has been entrained into an englacial position by tectonic processes operating at the base of an icefall. Further thickening of the resultant dispersed facies may also occur tectonically as a result of ice flow against the reverse bed slope of a terminal overdeepening. Lack of efficient subglacial drainage in the region of the overdeepening may limit basal melting and thus favour basal ice preservation, including the preservation of dispersed facies. Despite the relatively low sediment content of dispersed facies (~1.6% by volume), its thickness (up to 25 m) and ubiquity at Svfnafellsjokull results in a significant contribution to annual sediment discharge (1635-3270 m3 a"1) that is ~6.5 times that contributed by debris-rich stratified facies basal ice