Movement Sonification of Musical Gestures: Investigating Perceptual Processes Underlying Musical Performance Movements

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El mindfulness y sus factores como predictores de las estrategias de autorregulación emocional en estudiantes de una universidad de Lima

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar y analizar si el mindfulness y sus cinco factores son predictores importantes de las estrategias de autorregulación emocional (reevaluación cognitiva y supresión). Para este fin se evaluó una muestra de 455 estudiantes de una universidad de Lima de entre 17 y 28 años (M = 20.49; DE. = 3.17), de las cuales un 52.7% fueron mujeres, y, por otra parte, el 59.1% no había hecho ninguna práctica de mindfulness. La mayoría de los participantes (73.8%) pertenecía a carreras de letras y, a su vez, el 22.6% se encontraba realizando alguna actividad laboral paralelamente a sus estudios. Por un lado, se utilizó el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ; Gross y John, 2003) adaptado por Gargurevich y Matos (2010) a la población peruana (ERQP); y, por otro, el Cuestionario de las Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) traducido y validado por Loret de Mola (2009). En total, se realizaron cuatro análisis de regresión lineal jerárquica con la finalidad de determinar los predictores de la reevaluación cognitiva y supresión conductual. En primer lugar, se encontró que los factores Observación, Ausencia de Juicio y Ausencia de Reactividad resultaron ser predictores significativos de la reevaluación cognitiva. Por otro lado, se encontró que tanto el Mindfulness Total como sus factores de Descripción y Ausencia de Juicio predicen significativamente la supresión. Adicionalmente, se encontró al sexo como un predictor de esta última estrategia de Autorregulación, ya que los participantes hombres obtuvieron mayor puntuación en esta dimensión. Finalmente, a través de una comparación de muestras independientes, se encontró que el puntaje de Ausencia de reactividad difería en función del sexo de los participantes; mientras que los puntajes de Mindfulness Total, Observación y Ausencia de Juicio se diferenciaron en función a la pertenencia a un trabajo actual.The present research aimed to determine and analyze whether mindfulness and its five dimensions are important predictors of emotion self-regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and suppression). For this purpose, a sample of 455 students from a university in Lima between 17 and 28 years old (M = 20.49; SD = 3.17) was evaluated, of which 52.7% were women, and 59.1% had done no mindfulness practice ever. Most of the participants (73.8%) belonged to liberal arts, social and, in turn, 22.6% were carrying out some work activity in parallel to their studies. On the one hand, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross and John, 2003) adapted by Gargurevich and Matos (2010) to the Peruvian population (ERQP) was used; and, on the other hand, the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006) translated and validated by Loret de Mola (2009). In total, four hierarchical linear regression analyzes were performed in order to determine the predictors of Cognitive Reappraisal and Behavioral Suppression. In the first place, it was found that Observation, non-Judgment and non-Reactivity turned out to be significant predictors of cognitive reappraisal. On the other hand, it was found that both Total Mindfulness and its Description and Absence of Judgment dimensions significantly predict Suppression. Additionally, sex was found to be a predictor of this last Self-regulation strategy, since male participants scored higher on this dimension. Finally, through a comparison of independent samples, it was found that non-reactivity score differed depending on the sex of participants; while Total Mindfulness, Observation and non- Judgment scores were differentiated based on belonging to a current job

Psychologische Prädiktoren für das Auftreten einer Major Depression und einer PTBS nach schweren Unfällen

Theoretischer Hintergrund/Fragestellung: Ziel unserer prospektiven Studie war die Identifikation von Prädiktoren für das Auftreten einer Depression im ersten halben Jahr nach einem Unfall. Methode: Es wurden 52 Unfallpatienten untersucht. Die Ersterhebung erfolgte innerhalb der ersten sechs Wochen nach dem Unfall. Ergebnisse: Depressive Patienten gaben kurz nach dem Unfall eine geringere Lebenszufriedenheit und soziale Unterstützung an und berichteten häufiger über psychische Störungen und traumatische Erlebnisse vor dem Unfall als Nicht-Depressive. Außerdem litten sie zum Zeitpunkt der Ersterhebung häufiger unter psychischen Störungen und fühlten sich durch die psychischen Symptome stärker beeinträchtigt. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Patienten mit einem Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Depression bereits kurz nach einem Unfall identifiziert werden können

Los nuevos requisitos para la formación en Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia. Una nueva perspectiva para la Psiquiatría alemana.

Sin resumen

Onset and maintenance of psychiatric disorders after serious accidents

The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the onset, course, and remission of psychiatric disorders in the first 6months after a serious accident for consecutive patients in a hospital emergency department. Participants were 58 patients aged 18-65 who were assessed shortly after attending a hospital emergency department and were followed up 6months afterwards. Patients were interviewed with regard to past and current psychiatric history using different instruments (e.g. SCID for DSM-IV). Prior to their accidents, 35% of all subjects had experienced one or more psychiatric disorders (lifetime prevalence). Shortly after the accident, the incidence of Acute Stress Disorder (7%), subsyndromal Acute Stress Disorder (12%), and adjustment disorder (1.5%) was increased as a reaction to the accident. At this time, 29% of all patients suffered from an acute psychiatric disorder. Six-months after the accident, 10% of the subjects met criteria for Major Depression, 6% for PTSD, 4% for subsyndromal PTSD, and 1.5% for Specific Phobia as newly developed disorders. The course of the psychiatric disorders shows that those patients who met criteria for any psychiatric diagnosis shortly after the accident ran a much higher risk for developing new or comorbid psychiatric disorders in the futur

Los nuevos requisitos para la formación en Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia. Una nueva perspectiva para la Psiquiatría alemana.

Sin resumen

Metabolism the Difficile Way: The Key to the Success of the Pathogen Clostridioides difficile

Strains of Clostridioides difficile cause detrimental diarrheas with thousands of deaths worldwide. The infection process by the Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic gut bacterium is directly related to its unique metabolism, using multiple Stickland-type amino acid fermentation reactions coupled to Rnf complex-mediated sodium/proton gradient formation for ATP generation. Major pathways utilize phenylalanine, leucine, glycine and proline with the formation of 3-phenylproprionate, isocaproate, butyrate, 5-methylcaproate, valerate and 5-aminovalerate. In parallel a versatile sugar catabolism including pyruvate formate-lyase as a central enzyme and an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle to prevent unnecessary NADH formation completes the picture. However, a complex gene regulatory network that carefully mediates the continuous adaptation of this metabolism to changing environmental conditions is only partially elucidated. It involves the pleiotropic regulators CodY and SigH, the known carbon metabolism regulator CcpA, the proline regulator PrdR, the iron regulator Fur, the small regulatory RNA CsrA and potentially the NADH-responsive regulator Rex. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the metabolic principles of energy generation by C. difficile and the underlying gene regulatory scenarios

Feasibility of Group Schema Therapy for Outpatients with Severe Borderline Personality Disorder in Germany:A Pilot Study with Three Year Follow-Up

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe, challenging to treat mental disorder. Schema therapy (ST) as an individual therapy has been proven to be an effective psychological treatment for BPD. A group format of ST (GST) has been developed and evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in the United States and piloted in The Netherlands. These results suggest that GST speeds up and amplifies treatment effects of ST and might reduce delivery costs. However, feasibility in the German health care system and with BPD patients with high BPD severity and comorbidity, and frequent hospitalization, has not been tested to date. We investigated GST in 10 severely impaired, highly comorbid female patients with BPD, that needed frequent hospital admission. Patients received an outpatient ST-treatment program with weekly group and individual sessions for 1 year. Outcome measures including BPD severity, general psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, happiness, schemas, and modes, and days of hospitalization were assessed at the start of treatment and 6, 12, and 36 months later with semi-structured interviews and self-report measures. We observed significant decreases in severity of BPD symptoms, general symptom severity, dysfunctional BPD-specific modes and schemas, and days of hospitalization. Functional modes, quality of live and happiness improved. The results of this feasibility study are promising and encourage further implementation of ST outpatient treatment programs even for patients with severe BPD and high hospitalization risk. However, small sample size and the missing of a control group do not allow the generalizability of these findings