A global analysis of igneous sill dimensions and their effect on sedimentary basins and petroleum system - statistics and modelling of seismic observations

Igneous sill intrusion majorly impacts sedimentary basins, causing forced folding of host rocks, thermal maturation of source rocks, and basinal fluid flow changes. However, the detail of these effects has received little study. Similarly, the mechanisms by which sills are emplaced in basins are poorly understood, and emplacement mechanism may influence the aforementioned basinal impacts. The key that ties impacts and mechanisms together is that models explaining both have not been tested due to a lack of data on sill dimensions. Seismic reflection data presents a unique opportunity to collect detailed measurements on sill dimensions. Work presented in this thesis suggests that the number, shape and dimensions of sills have significant differences between sedimentary basins, having major implications for palaeoclimate modelling. Comparing theoretical sill models with measurements of actual sills undermines many models based around linear elastic fracture mechanics. However, intrusion models which incorporate an overlying elastic plate predict far more accurate sill geometries in comparison with seismic measurements. Additionally, several authors have noted that there is a discrepancy between the amplitude of forced folds and the thickness of their underlying sills. This thesis shows that a large proportion of this discrepancy can be explained by compaction of the fold after sill emplacement. While collecting data on forced folds, a seismic reflector in the Northeast Rockall Trough was mapped which displays undulose topography. Multiple observations point to this reflector being an opal A - opal CT transition. Numerical modelling and kinetic parameterization of the opal A-CT indicates that this topography can arise from local lateral temperature variations. Finally, a recently published model for hydrocarbon prospectivity based on fluid flow arising from sill tips is investigated. It is demonstrated that the original study shows no evidence for the validity of the model, prompting new questions on the scale at which intrusions could affect fluid flow. This thesis therefore shows that current paradigms of sill intrusion mechanisms, palaeoclimate model parameterizations, opal A-CT formation mechanisms and intrusion related fluid flow all need to be reexamined

Understanding the exercise of agency within structural inequality: the case of personal debt

This article contributes to debates about agency (meaning the behaviour of individuals) and structure, by drawing on empirical research into personal debt. Consideration of debt allows for debate about agency and structure beyond the narrow confines of welfare, and for the examination of agency in relation to citizens at different points in the broader socio-economic structure, not solely poor people. Based on the research findings, themselves grounded in interviewees' experience, the question of why two people in the same material circumstances will have different experiences becomes reframed as why two people whose exercise of agency is the same, face very different outcomes? It is argued that while the research supports a ‘both-and’ rather than ‘either-or’ approach to understanding agency and structure, a ‘both-and’ approach still does not fully capture the experience of interviewees. The key point is that the exercise of agency is overlaid onto structural inequality, and it is understanding the exercise of ‘agency within structure’ that is critical

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Sill Dimensions data collection.xlsx

This is a spreadsheet of measurements on igneous sills intruding sedimentary basins, imaged on seismic reflection data. The measurements were made from a variety of commercial and non-commercial seismic surveys. The data is naturally full of gaps due to different data types and measurements made on each survey. The spreadsheet has a second tab of data that has been cleaned for download and analysis

Toxicology Handbook

Toxicology Handbook is a practical evidence-based guide on the care of the poisoned patient.\ud \ud This concise text is informed by the latest clinical research and takes a rigorous and structured risk assessment-based approach to decision making in the context of clinical toxicology.\ud \ud It assists the clinician to quickly find information on poisons, toxins, antidotes, envenomings and antivenoms and determine the appropriate treatment for the acutely poisoned patient.\ud \ud Key Features\ud \ud -Guides clinicians through drug administration and treatment\ud \ud -Includes 'handy tips' and 'pitfalls'\ud \ud -Incorporates drug dosages and administration are based on current pharmacological regulations\ud \ud New to this Edition\ud \ud -Content on drug dosage and administration based on the most up-to-date pharmacological regulations on toxicology\ud \ud -Geographical locations of envenomings from snakes, spiders and jellyfish are portrayed on illustrated maps\ud \ud -New subchapters include Newer oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and Paracetamol: Modified release formulation