Translational Control Of Protein Synthesis In Heat-shocked Maize Seedlings

Translational control of protein synthesis in the plumules of heat-shocked maize seedlings was investigated. Maize plumules respond to heat shock by synthesizing nuclear-encoded hsp\u27s with M{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm r{rcub}{dollar}\u27s of 108, 89, 84, 76, 73, and 17-29kDa. Synthesis of some, but not all, 25{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C (control) proteins is repressed in vivo. RNA blot and in vitro translation analyses of non-polyribosomal and polyribosomal RNP RNA suggest that repression ensues from either a decrease in mRNA levels or from the inefficient translation of control messages in heat-shocked cells (relative to heat shock mRNAs) due to changes in the rates of both initiation and elongation.;Hsp70 and hsp18 mRNAs (or heat shock-like mRNAs) are synthesized at low levels in nonstressed cells. During heat shock, the messages accumulate on polyribosomes within 5 to 10 minutes, are maximal within 1 to 2h and decline thereafter (ie. maize plumules acclimate). The recovery profile is similar. Dissociation of message from the polyribosomes under these conditions is not accompanied by a re-association of heat shock mRNAs with non-polyribosomal RNPs suggesting that (1) the messages released from the polyribosomes are degraded and (2) the mechanism(s) governing these responses is independent of the incubation temperature. Acclimation and recovery are not characterized by a complete return to the control state as low molecular weight heat shock mRNAs continue to associate with the polyribosomal and non-polyribosomal fractions.;Heat shock and control mRNAs are differentially distributed in the non-polyribosomal RNP of control cells. However, messages active in translation at 25{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C are primarily associated with cytoskeletally-associated polyribosomes. Heat shock results in a change in both the distribution of heat shock mRNAs on the ribosomes of polyribosomes and their non-polyribosomal to polyribosomal ratios. Heat shock mRNAs accumulate primarily in the free-cytoplasmic non-polyribosomal and polyribosomal fractions suggesting that translation and possibly transport of these messages during heat shock is largely independent of the cytoskeleton. The negligible changes in the equilibrium of membrane-derived non-polyribosomal fractions together with the accumulation of mRNAs destined for the endoplasmic reticulum in free-cytoplasmic non-polyribosomal RNP are consistent with this interpretation. Neither the distribution of 25{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C mRNAs on polyribosomes nor their equilibrium between non-polyribosomal and polyribosomal RNP\u27s is affected by the temperature shift.;The kinetics of association/dissociation of mRNAs with the non-polyribosomal and polyribosomal RNP indicate that heat shock messages associate with non-polyribosomal RNP prior to their integration into polyribosomes

Normal epithelial cells trigger EphA2-dependent RasV12 cell repulsion at the single cell level

Epithelial cells expressing oncogenic Ras (RasV12) are detected by normal neighbors and are often extruded from tissues. We recently demonstrated that differential EphA2 signaling drives the segregation of mutant cells from normal monolayers via cell repulsion and increased RasV12 cell contractility. EphA2 signaling on RasV12 cells is triggered by ephrin-A ligands presented by normal cells. Here, we show that normal epithelial cells trigger the repulsion and enhanced contractility of Ras-transformed epithelial cells at the single cell level. We also reveal that ephrin-A ligands expressed on RasV12 cells are not required to drive RasV12 cell segregation following interaction with normal cells. Thus, normal-RasV12 cell-cell interaction triggers EphA2 forward signaling in RasV12 cells to drive repulsion and segregation of the transformed cells

Some aspects of the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the animal kingdom

In most studies of sexually reproducing animals it is assumed that inter male competition results in selection of larger males. In higher vertebrates there appears to be a correlation between the type of mating system and the degree of sexual size dimorphism. Amongst the lower vertebrates and invertebrates, however, this correlation is less obvious; in these groups the females are usually larger than the male, despite considerable conflict between males for mates. The hypothesis that differential loading or mechanical constraints, operating on males and females during mate guarding, are important factors influencing the relative sizes of sexes was investigated for two species; a pondskater, (Gerris sp.) and the common toad ( Bufo bufo ). In both species, the females carry the male prior to mating, the female being the larger sex. Previous work on the common toad has shown that assortative mating is operating, this study, however, shows that the converse is true, ie that mating is random. Several suggestions have been proposed to explain these results. In contrast, pondskaters show assortative mating, the females paired with males according to body size and possibly on midleg length. Both sexes, however, appear to be adapted to the loading constraints to which they are subjected during pairing

Mechanical Trenching Cultural Resources Survey: Proposed Emergency Bridge Repair at Peek Road Bridge City of Katy, Fort Bend County, Texas

Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) was retained by CivilTech Engineering, Inc. (Client) to conduct a mechanical trenching survey along the embankment slopes of Buffalo Bayou at Peek Road, the location of proposed emergency bridge repair in Katy, Fort Bend County, Texas. Since the proposed undertaking will occur on land owned or controlled by a political subdivision of the State of Texas, and because funding for this project will come, in part, from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) this project required compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; Title 44, Part 10 CFR) and was subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resources Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). This project was conducted under Antiquities Permit #8904. The proposed project area comprises an area approximately 200 feet wide, from high bank to high bank, and approximately 2,000 linear feet, consisting of 1,000 feet each upstream and downstream from the Peek Road bridge crossing (approximately nine acres). Terracon archeologists monitored the excavation of eight (8) trenches to the anticipated depth of impact (approximately five feet or one to two meters). One isolated find (a chert flake) was encountered during trenching. This artifact was recorded on site and not collected. Fieldwork was conducted between May 21 and May 23, 2019 by Jenni Hatchett Kimbell (Principal Investigator), Catherine Jalbert (Project Archeologist), and Michael Hogan (Staff Archeologist). The report was authored by Catherine Jalbert and Michael Hogan. Given the absence of known archeological sites within the proposed project area, Terracon recommends no additional cultural studies are warranted at this time. In the event that human remains, historic properties, or buried cultural materials are encountered during construction or disturbance activities, work should cease in the immediate area but can continue where no cultural materials are present. Terracon, the THC’s Archeology Division, or other proper authorities should be contacted

Proposed Dallas West End Square Park City Of Dallas, Dallas County, Texas

Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) was retained by the Dallas Park and Recreation Department (Client) to conduct a mechanical trenching survey at 607 Corbin Street, the location of the proposed West End Square Park in Dallas, Dallas County, Texas. This location is within the Westend National Register Historic District, designated in 1978. Since the proposed undertaking will occur on land owned or controlled by a political subdivision of the State of Texas, this project was subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resources Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). This project was conducted under Antiquities Permit #9218. Jenni Kimbell served as Principal Investigator and Michael Hogan served as the Project Archeologist. Project records will be submitted for curation at the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University, San Marcos. Artifacts collected during the course of the investigation were not unique or of particular scientific or historic value. A request to discard all artifacts collected was submitted to the THC on September 11, 2020 and received concurrence on September 28, 2020. Accordingly, all artifacts collected will be discarded. The proposed project area comprises an area of approximately 0.78 acre, most of a city block. Between January 6 and January 10, 2020, Terracon archeologists monitored the excavation of five exposures, or “blocks,” to the bottom of historical-era deposits and five trenches, within those blocks, to soils that appear to predate human activity in the New World. The historical-era deposits appear to be resting on, or in, these ancient soils. These excavations revealed evidence of historical-period use of the project area but only one partially intact feature (Feature 3) that can be specifically related to any of the features depicted on contemporary Sanborn Fire Insurance maps. Seven other features represent either more recent concrete walkways or foundations or are difficult to interpret as belonging to any mapped historical-period structures. Site 41DL555, which encompasses the majority of the project area and represents multiple overlapping and inseparable components and includes Feature 3, was registered with the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory. Terracon recommends this site as not eligible for listing as a SAL or for inclusion on the NRHP due to its lack of potential to provide new information about any of the industries or residences represented by the site, or about the Westend Historic District. The site does not meet the criteria for eligibility for either of these distinctions. No prehistoric cultural material was identified. Based on the lack of intact cultural deposits, it is Terracon’s opinion that no deposits associated with archeological sites eligible for listing as State Antiquities Landmarks (SALs) or for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) are present within the project area and that no further archeological investigation is needed. In the event that human remains, historic properties, or buried cultural materials are encountered during construction or disturbance activities, work should cease in the immediate area but can continue where no cultural materials are present. Terracon, the Texas Historical Commission’s (THC’s) Archeology Division, or other proper authorities should be contacted

Identifying and mapping measures of medication safety during transfer of care in a digital era: a scoping literature review

Background: Measures to evaluate high-risk medication safety during transfers of care should span different safety dimensions across all components of these transfers and reflect outcomes and opportunities for proactive safety management. // Objectives: To scope measures currently used to evaluate safety interventions targeting insulin, anticoagulants and other high-risk medications during transfers of care and evaluate their comprehensiveness as a portfolio. // Methods: Embase, Medline, Cochrane and CINAHL databases were searched using scoping methodology for studies evaluating the safety of insulin, anticoagulants and other high-risk medications during transfer of care. Measures identified were extracted into a spreadsheet, collated and mapped against three frameworks: (1) ‘Key Components of an Ideal Transfer of Care’, (2) work systems, processes and outcomes and (3) whether measures captured past harms, events in real time or areas of concern. The potential for digital health systems to support proactive measures was explored. // Results: Thirty-five studies were reviewed with 162 measures in use. Once collated, 29 discrete categories of measures were identified. Most were outcome measures such as adverse events. Process measures included communication and issue identification and resolution. Clinic enrolment was the only work system measure. Twenty-four measures captured past harm (eg, adverse events) and six indicated future risk (eg, patient feedback for organisations). Two real-time measures alerted healthcare professionals to risks using digital systems. No measures were of advance care planning or enlisting support. // Conclusion: The measures identified are insufficient for a comprehensive portfolio to assess safety of key medications during transfer of care. Further measures are required to reflect all components of transfers of care and capture the work system factors contributing to outcomes in order to support proactive intervention to reduce unwanted variation and prevent adverse outcomes. Advances in digital technology and its employment within integrated care provide opportunities for the development of such measures

Design of a Debridement Device Using Impinging Jets

Chronic wound care is a significant burden on the healthcare system, affecting an estimated three to six million Americans, manifesting as ulcers associated with restricted blood flow, diabetes mellitus, or pressure. Treatment is frequently unsuccessful, with only an estimated 25–50% of venous and diabetic ulcers closing after 20 weeks of treatment. Debridement, the removal of necrotic tissue and foreign materials from the wounds, is a crucial component in the chronic wound care. While there exist many debridement techniques, the search for new and more effective methods is ongoing. The existing methods of debridement include surgical, the industry gold standard, as well as the mechanical, autolytic, enzymatic, and hydrosurgery (VersaJet™). The VersaJet™ uses a single high-speed jet directed parallel to the wound surface to remove soft necrotic tissue. This paper presents the design of a debridement device that uses two narrow, high-speed impinging fluid jets to excise necrotic tissue. The handheld device can be used to remove strips of necrotic tissue of a predetermined width and depth and was tested on samples of simulated slough, the soft necrotic tissue, and eschar, the hard, scablike necrotic tissue. The preliminary tests indicate that the technique removes necrotic tissue quickly and with good control, suggesting that, with further development, the technique may provide a time-saving alternative to surgical debridement. Further testing, however, is required to ensure that the jets do not damage the surrounding healthy tissues and to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of the technique relative to other debridement strategies

The development and effects of an educational audiovisual presentation on female masturbation upon the attitudes and masturbatory behavior of college females

The current study was designed: (1) to develop an educational tool on female masturbation capable of reaching a wide audience of women with accurate and complete information on female masturbation; (2) to provide initial validation for the further educational usefulness of this tool and (3) to assess its potential ability for improving overall sexual functioning in women by possibly altering negative attitudes toward masturbation and/or by dis-inhibiting masturbatory behavior

Constipation in the Long-Term Care Resident

An evidence-based clinical practice guideline was developed to prevent and manage constipation in the long-term care (LTC) resident. Constipation is a prevalent condition in the LTC resident. Guidelines do not address this vulnerable population. Constipation may result in poor nutritional status, quality of life along with increased health care costs and hospitalizations. A literature review was completed and evidence was evaluated and included into the initial draft recommendations. The guideline was reviewed for content validity using a Delphi Committee of clinical experts in gastroenterology, geriatrics, and pharmacy. The updated guidelines were presented to an interdisciplinary team of long-term care residents. Participants were asked to review and complete a survey regarding clinical applicability of the guideline. Thirty-one interdisciplinary members participated in the education session and 30 surveys were received. Overall, the interdisciplinary team members agreed or strongly agreed the guideline was clinically applicable. Finally, the guideline was evaluated by a group of doctoral prepared practicing nurse practitioners using the AGREE II instrument. The scores were \u3e80% in every domain, with an overall score of 91%, indicating the guideline is high in quality. Development of this guideline signifies an initial step in the management and prevention of constipation in the LTC resident

Accounting for dimensional differences in stochastic domain invasion with applications to precancerous cell removal

We consider a specific form of domain invasion that is an abstraction of pancreatic tissue eliminating precancerous mutant cells through juxtacrine signalling. The model is explored discretely, continuously, stochastically and deterministically, highlighting unforeseen nonlinear dependencies on the dimension of the solution domain. Specifically, stochastically simulated populations invade with a dimension dependent wave speed that can be over twice as fast as their deterministic analogues. Although the wave speed can be analytically derived in the cases of small domains, the probabilistic state space grows exponentially and, thus, we use numeric simulation and curve fitting to predict limiting dynamics