Estrogen and Progesterone hormone receptor expression in oral cavity cancer

Recent studies have shown an increase in the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in younger patients. The hypothesis that tumors could be hormonally induced during pregnancy or in young female patients without the well-known risk factors alcohol or tobacco abuse seems to be plausible. Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER?) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) expression were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n=5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n=11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n=35), and OSCC specimen. OSCCs were stratified in a young female (n=7) study cohort and older patients (n=46). In the young female study cohort three patients (n=3/7) developed OSCC during or shortly after pregnancy. Breast cancer tissues were used as positive control for ER? and PR expression. ER? expression was found in four oral precursor lesions (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n=4/35, 11%) and in five OSCC specimen (n=5/46, 11%). The five ER? positive OSCC samples were older male patients. All patients within the young female study cohort were negatively stained for both ER? and PR. ER expression could be regarded as a seldom risk factor for OSCC. PR expression seems to be not relevant for the development of OSCC

Reinhard Tgahrt and Ute Doster, eds.: Johannes Bobrowski oder Landschaft mit Leuten

Marbach am Neckar: Deutsche Schillergesellschaft, 1993 (Marbacher Kataloge, 46), 848 p., DM 40

Holger J. Schubert, ed.: Im Querschnitt. Volker Braun. Gedichte, Prosa, Stücke, Aufsätze

Halle/Leipzig: Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 1978. 345 p. 12,50 M

CalNAGPRA and AB 275: The Reality of Collections Consultation and Repatriation

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to address the benefits and shortcomings of the California Assembly Bill 275 (AB 275), signed in 2020, as an amendment to the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (CalNAGPRA), signed in 2001, related to the process of consultation and repatriation of funerary objects and human remains. With this study I research whether or not the law is sufficient for the needs of California tribes and the difficulties of addressing these needs through the current legislation by interviewing tribal representatives and collections management professionals. With these interviews I also document the experiences of consultation and repatriation between tribes and institutions, such as collections facilities and agencies, before and after AB 275. The findings of this study document the efficacy of current legislation, provide insight into how consultation and repatriation can be improved, and gain perspectives from both tribes and institutions that can better the consultation process and working relationships. Procedure: Through semi-structured interviews I gather a sample of experiences and opinions of the repatriation process from both institutions and tribes in order to address the sufficiency of the legislation for tribal needs, to determine the changes that have occurred in the consultation and repatriation process as a result of AB 275, and the challenges that have been identified by tribes and institutions thus far. Findings: This study determined that AB 275 is sufficient in some respects but has created additional challenges for tribes and institutions. Overall, the general consensus was that this legislation was beneficial in bringing to the forefront the importance of Indigenous perspectives in collections management and shifting the control of collections to Indigenous communities to address the way archaeology and collections management have hurt these communities in the past. Conclusions: While it is too soon to know for sure if AB 275 will be successful in its endeavor to get collections repatriated in the next decade, it is clear that the legislation represents a paradigm shift in which the majority of institutions are increasingly open to handing over control to tribes in determining what is significant within collections and conducting a much larger number of repatriations than in the past

EXAMINING ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY TO TEACH ENGINEERING: THE IMPACT OF PROJECT LEAD THE WAY LAUNCH PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Today’s elementary teachers are expected to teach the engineering practices included in the National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards. Recent studies have indicated that teachers are less self-efficacious in teaching engineering than in other subject areas. Project Lead the Way (PLTW) is a nonprofit organization that offers pre-K–12th grade curricula and teacher training focused on three pathways: engineering, computer science, and biomedical science. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, PLTW transitioned its teacher trainings to a virtual modality. At the time of this study, most of PLTW’s teacher training remained virtual or hybrid. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which elementary teachers’ teaching engineering self-efficacy, engineering design process self-efficacy, and mindset changed over the course of participation in PLTW Launch professional development during the summer of 2023. This study utilized a quantitative pre/post-test survey design. Pre- and post-training surveys comprised demographic questions, the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy scale (TESS), the engineering design self-efficacy subscale of the Engineering Design Self-Efficacy Instrument (EDSI), and the Growth Mindset Scale. Twenty participants from South Dakota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Nevada completed the pre- and post-training survey. Descriptive statistics, change scores, and paired sample t-tests were used to analyze the results of the pre- and post-training surveys. Results suggest that teachers who completed PLTW Launch training experienced statistically significant increases in their teaching engineering self-efficacy and self-efficacy to conduct engineering design. Additionally, statistically significant increases were found for the constructs of engineering pedagogical content knowledge self-efficacy and engineering disciplinary self-efficacy. No statistically significant differences between pre- and post-training surveys were found for the construct of engineering engagement self-efficacy or mindset. Implications of this study suggest that PLTW Launch training is a viable option for improving elementary teachers’ confidence to teach engineering in their classrooms. Results of this study add to the limited research on teaching engineering self-efficacy

Bernd Leistner: Johannes Bobrowski. Studien und Interpretationen

Berlin: Rütten und Loening, 1981. 226 p., 12,- M

Eva Strittmatter: Heliotrop. Gedichte

Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau, 1983. 127 p., M 7,60

Erwin Strittmatter: Selbstermunterungen

Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau, 1981. (Edition Neue Texte), 122 p., 4,50 M