Methods applied to investigage the major UVCE that occured in the TOTAL refiner's Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit at La Mède, France

International audienceOn monday November 9, 1992 at 5:20 a.m. a major U. V.C.E, occured in the Gas Plant of the TOTAL refinery's Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit at La Mede, France. The origin was a 25 cm2 break in the 8" by-pass of the absorber stripper column cooler; an amount of about 15 tons of LPG and light naphtha was released within 10 minutes, covering an area of 14000m2 including Gas Plant, cryogenic, propene and Merox units before being ignited on the FCC main furnace

Anatomical Network Comparison of Human Upper and Lower, Newborn and Adult, and Normal and Abnormal Limbs, with Notes on Development, Pathology and Limb Serial Homology vs. Homoplasy

How do the various anatomical parts (modules) of the animal body evolve into very different integrated forms (integration) yet still function properly without decreasing the individual's survival? This long-standing question remains unanswered for multiple reasons, including lack of consensus about conceptual definitions and approaches, as well as a reasonable bias toward the study of hard tissues over soft tissues. A major difficulty concerns the non-trivial technical hurdles of addressing this problem, specifically the lack of quantitative tools to quantify and compare variation across multiple disparate anatomical parts and tissue types. In this paper we apply for the first time a powerful new quantitative tool, Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA), to examine and compare in detail the musculoskeletal modularity and integration of normal and abnormal human upper and lower limbs. In contrast to other morphological methods, the strength of AnNA is that it allows efficient and direct empirical comparisons among body parts with even vastly different architectures (e.g. upper and lower limbs) and diverse or complex tissue composition (e.g. bones, cartilages and muscles), by quantifying the spatial organization of these parts-their topological patterns relative to each other-using tools borrowed from network theory. Our results reveal similarities between the skeletal networks of the normal newborn/adult upper limb vs. lower limb, with exception to the shoulder vs. pelvis. However, when muscles are included, the overall musculoskeletal network organization of the upper limb is strikingly different from that of the lower limb, particularly that of the more proximal structures of each limb. Importantly, the obtained data provide further evidence to be added to the vast amount of paleontological, gross anatomical, developmental, molecular and embryological data recently obtained that contradicts the long-standing dogma that the upper and lower limbs are serial homologues. In addition, the AnNA of the limbs of a trisomy 18 human fetus strongly supports Pere Alberch's ill-named "logic of monsters" hypothesis, and contradicts the commonly accepted idea that birth defects often lead to lower integration (i.e. more parcellation) of anatomical structures

From MDGs to SDGs: implications for maternal newborn health in Africa

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Pengaruh Pellet Calf Starter dengan Tambahan Limbah Kubis Difermentasi terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Kondisi Feses Pedet Friesian Holstein

Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk menguji kualitas Pellet Calf Starter yang diperkaya Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Limbah Kubis Fermentasi secara biologis dengan melihat dari jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli dan kondisi feses pedet Friesian Holstein. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Agustus 2016 di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jendral Soedirman dan Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTU HPT) Baturraden. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah jagung giling, bekatul, bungkil kedelai, molasses, mieral mix, limbah kubis fermentasi terdiri dari limbah kubis, gula dan garam, air, alkohol 95% dan medium EMBA. Metode penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pembuatan pellet dan tahap pelaksanaan. Tahap persiapan meliputi penyiapan alat dan bahan. Tahap pembuatan pellet meliputi pembuatan limbah kubis fermentasi dan pembuatan pelet calf starter. Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu pemeliharaan pedet dan pengambilan sampel berupa feses pedet. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan (T1 : 100% calf starter + 2% limbah kubis difermentasi, T2 : 100% calf starter + 4% limbah kubis fermentasi, T3 : 100% calf starter + 6% limbah kubis fermentasi +) dan 4 ulangan. Data bakteri Escherichia coli diolah menggunakan analisis deskriptif sedangkan warna dan konsistensi feses diolah menggunakan analisis ragam dilanjutkan uji Duncan’s multiple range test. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli pada feses pedet perlakuan T1,T2 dan T3 masing-masing adalah 5,9 x 106 cfu/g; 2,6 x 106 cfu/g dan 6,3 x 106 cfu/g. Jumlah bakteri terendah terdapat pada penambahan limbah kubis fermentasi taraf 2% dan populasi tertinggi pada taraf 6%. Penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap perbaikan kondisi feses. Kondisi feses dilihat dari warna dan konsistensinya semakin membaik seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi pada pellet dari taraf penambahan 2%, 4% sampai 6%. Simpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah kondisi feses dilihat dari warna dan konsistensinya semakin membaik seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya taraf penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi pada pellet calf starter, tetapi tidak menurunan Bakteri E. coli pada feses pedet

The Effects of Imidacloprid and Polyester Microfibers on the Larval Development of the Endangered Sunflower Star

Sea star wasting syndrome has affected numerous species of sea star, with populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt, 1835) left most at risk. As their populations are struggling to recover, it is important to gain a better understanding of the impacts that the multiple stressors in their habitats can have on their populations. Contaminant stressors in particular are of increasing importance, because aquatic organisms can be exposed to a dynamic range of contaminants from nearby anthropogenic activity that may affect their future recovery efforts. This study is the first to quantify the effects of contaminant stressors on the larvae of P. helianthoides. We exposed P. helianthoides larvae to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and polyester microfibers, both individually and in combination, at environmentally relevant concentrations (10 ng/L and 25 fibers/L, respectively) to measure the effects of these contaminants on their early life stages. Imidacloprid exposure resulted in stomach malformation in 10% of larvae and increased mortality during early development (p \u3c 0.001), and all treatments resulted in increased larval lengths relative to controls (p \u3c 0.001). During settlement, imidacloprid resulted in more rapid settlement responses than in the controls (p \u3c 0.01). These findings highlight the need for further research investigating the effects of contaminant stressors to endangered organisms during reintroduction as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of pesticides to nontarget organisms

Multiple resiliency metrics reveal complementary drivers of ecosystem persistence: An application to kelp forest systems

Human-caused global change produces biotic and abiotic conditions that increase the uncertainty and risk of failure of restoration efforts. A focus of managing for resiliency, that is, the ability of the system to respond to disturbance, has the potential to reduce this uncertainty and risk. However, identifying what drives resiliency might depend on how one measures it. An example of a system where identifying how the drivers of different aspects of resiliency can inform restoration under climate change is the northern coast of California, where kelp experienced a decline in coverage of over 95% due to the combination of an intense marine heat wave and the functional extinction of the primary predator of the kelp-grazing purple sea urchin, the sunflower sea star. Although restoration efforts focused on urchin removal and kelp reintroduction in this system are ongoing, the question of how to increase the resiliency of this system to future marine heat waves remains open. In this paper, we introduce a dynamical model that describes a tritrophic food chain of kelp, purple urchins, and a purple urchin predator such as the sunflower sea star. We run a global sensitivity analysis of three different resiliency metrics (recovery likelihood, recovery rate, and resistance to disturbance) of the kelp forest to identify their ecological drivers. We find that each metric depends the most on a unique set of drivers: Recovery likelihood depends the most on live and drift kelp production, recovery rate depends the most on urchin production and feedbacks that determine urchin grazing on live kelp, and resistance depends the most on feedbacks that determine predator consumption of urchins. Therefore, an understanding of the potential role of predator reintroduction or recovery in kelp systems relies on a comprehensive approach to measuring resiliency