2,486 research outputs found
Factors relating to the uptake of interventions for smoking cessation amongst pregnant women: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Introduction
The review had the aim of investigating factors enabling or discouraging the uptake of smoking cessation services by pregnant women smokers.
Methods
The literature was searched for papers relating to the delivery of services to pregnant or recently pregnant women who smoke. No restrictions were placed on study design. A qualitative synthesis strategy was adopted to analyse the included papers.
Results
Analysis and synthesis of the 23 included papers suggested ten aspects of service delivery that may have an influence on the uptake of interventions. These were: whether or not the subject of smoking is broached by a health professional; the content of advice and information provided; the manner of communication; having service protocols; follow-up discussion; staff confidence in their skills; the impact of time and resource constraints; staff perceptions of ineffectiveness; differences between professionals; and obstacles to accessing interventions.
Discussion
The findings suggest variation in practice between services and different professional groups, in particular regarding the recommendation of quitting smoking versus cutting down, but also in regard to procedural aspects such as recording status and repeat advice giving. These differences offer the potential for a pregnant woman to receive contradicting advice. The review suggests a need for greater training in this area and the greater use of protocols, with evidence of a perception of ineffectiveness/pessimism towards intervention amongst some service providers
Quasi-ballistic transport in HgTe quantum-well nanostructures
The transport properties of micrometer scale structures fabricated from
high-mobility HgTe quantum-wells have been investigated. A special photoresist
and Ti masks were used, which allow for the fabrication of devices with
characteristic dimensions down to 0.45 m. Evidence that the transport
properties are dominated by ballistic effects in these structures is presented.
Monte Carlo simulations of semi-classical electron trajectories show good
agreement with the experiment.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures; minor revisions: replaced "inelastic mean free
path" with "transport mean free path"; corrected typing errors; restructered
most paragraphs for easier reading; accepted for publication in AP
Die Wirkung von FBL-Übungen während der Arbeitszeit
Treten bei vorwiegend sitzenden Tätigkeiten während der Arbeitszeit, z.B. an Bildschirmarbeitsplätzen, über kurz oder lang körperliche Beschwerden auf und kann man diese im Rahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung beeinflussen?
Diese Frage wurde im Rahmen einer Studienarbeit , die während der Physiotherapieausbildung an der staatlichen Schule für Physiotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Münster durchgeführt wurde, untersucht. Den Probanden wurden Übungen aus der Funktionellen Bewegungslehre gezeigt, die Auswertung ergab keine unmittelbare Schmerzlinderung, aber eine Steigerung des körperlichen Wohlbefindens
Navigating Digital Transformation in Retail: A Resource Orchestration Analysis Towards Achieving Online-to-Offline Channel Integration Strategy
The rise of e-commerce market exchanges has disrupted the traditional Brick and Mortar (B&M) retailing sector, compelling B&M retailers to adopt strategic responses to sustain their market positions. Online-to-Offline (O2O) retailing has emerged as a promising approach to harness the potential synergies between online and offline channels. However, scholarly inquiry into the process of implementing O2O retailing remains limited. To address the research gap, this study presents a resource orchestration analysis of O2O implementation, using a successful case study from a leading B&M in Asia. Drawing from the theoretical lens of resource orchestration, the study uncovers key processes encompassing structuring, bundling, and leveraging stages. These processes involve structuring unified IT and cross-channel management resources, bundling these resources to build O2O integration and O2O differentiation capabilities, and leveraging these capabilities to deliver O2O value. By shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved in O2O implementation, this research contributes to advancing the theoretical understanding and managerial practice of O2O retailing strategies
Runaway thinning of the low-elevation Yakutat Glacier, Alaska, and its sensitivity to climate change
Lake-calving Yakutat Glacier in southeast Alaska, USA, is undergoing rapid thinning and terminus retreat. We use a simplified glacier model to evaluate its future mass loss. In a first step we compute glacier-wide mass change with a surface mass-balance model, and add a mass loss component due to ice flux through the calving front. We then use an empirical elevation change curve to adjust for surface elevation change of the glacier and finally use a flotation criterion to account for terminus retreat due to frontal ablation. Surface mass balance is computed on a daily timescale; elevation change and retreat is adjusted on a decadal scale. We use two scenarios to simulate future mass change: (1) keeping the current (2000–10) climate and (2) forcing the model with a projected warming climate. We find that the glacier will disappear in the decade before 2110 or 2070 under constant or warming climates, respectively. For the first few decades, the glacier can maintain its current thinning rates by retreating and associated loss of high-ablating, low-elevation areas. However, once higher elevations have thinned substantially, the glacier can no longer counteract accelerated thinning by retreat and mass loss accelerates, even under constant climate conditions. We find that it would take a substantial cooling of 1.5°C to reverse the ongoing retreat. It is therefore likely that Yakutat Glacier will continue its retreat at an accelerating rate and disappear entirely
Integrating the promotion of physical activity within a smoking cessation programme: Findings from collaborative action research in UK Stop Smoking Services
Background: Within the framework of collaborative action research, the aim was to explore the feasibility of
developing and embedding physical activity promotion as a smoking cessation aid within UK 6/7-week National
Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services.
Methods: In Phase 1 three initial cycles of collaborative action research (observation, reflection, planning,
implementation and re-evaluation), in an urban Stop Smoking Service, led to the development of an integrated
intervention in which physical activity was promoted as a cessation aid, with the support of a theoretically based
self-help guide, and self monitoring using pedometers. In Phase 2 advisors underwent training and offered the
intervention, and changes in physical activity promoting behaviour and beliefs were monitored. Also, changes in
clients’ stage of readiness to use physical activity as a cessation aid, physical activity beliefs and behaviour and
physical activity levels were assessed, among those who attended the clinic at 4-week post-quit. Qualitative data
were collected, in the form of clinic observation, informal interviews with advisors and field notes.
Results: The integrated intervention emerged through cycles of collaboration as something quite different to
previous practice. Based on field notes, there were many positive elements associated with the integrated
intervention in Phase 2. Self-reported advisors’ physical activity promoting behaviour increased as a result of
training and adapting to the intervention. There was a significant advancement in clients’ stage of readiness to use physical activity as a smoking cessation aid.
Conclusions: Collaboration with advisors was key in ensuring that a feasible intervention was developed as an aid to smoking cessation. There is scope to further develop tailored support to increasing physical activity and
smoking cessation, mediated through changes in perceptions about the benefits of, and confidence to do physical activity
Further Evidence of Early Development of Attention to Dynamic Facial Emotions: Reply to Grossmann and Jessen
Adults exhibit enhanced attention to negative emotions like fear, which is thought to be an adaptive reaction to emotional information. Previous research, mostly conducted with static faces, suggests that infants exhibit an attentional bias toward fearful faces only at around 7 months of age. In a recent study (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2016, Vol. 147, pp. 100–110), we found that 5-month-olds also exhibit heightened attention to fear when tested with dynamic face videos. This indication of an earlier development of an attention bias to fear raises questions about developmental mechanisms that have been proposed to underlie this function. However, Grossmann and Jessen (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2016, Vol. 153, pp. 149–154) argued that this result may have been due to differences in the amount of movement in the videos rather than a response toemotional information. To examine this possibility, we tested a new sample of 5-month-olds exactly as in the original study (Heck, Hock, White, Jubran, & Bhatt, 2016) but with inverted faces. We found that the fear bias seen in our study was no longer apparent with inverted faces. Therefore, it is likely that infants’ enhanced attention to fear in our study was indeed a response to emotions rather than a reaction to arbitrary low-level stimulus features. This finding indicates enhanced attention to fear at 5 months and underscores the need to find mechanisms that engender the development of emotion knowledge early in life
Visual Scanning of Males and Females in Infancy
This study addressed the development of attention to information that is socially relevant to adults by examining infants\u27 (n = 64) scanning patterns of male and female bodies. Infants exhibited systematic attention to regions associated with sex-related scanning by adults, with 3.5-and 6.5-month-olds looking longer at the torso of females than males and longer at the legs of males than females. However, this pattern of looking was not found when infants were tested on headless bodies in Experiment 2, which suggests that infants\u27 differential gaze pattern in Experiment 1 was not due to low-level stimulus features, such as clothing, and also indicates that facial/head information is necessary for infants to exhibit sex-specific scanning. We discuss implications for models of face and body knowledge development
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