CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM IN THE GUANACO (LAMA GUANICOE CACSILENSIS)

El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar las especies de parásitosgastrointestinales que afectan al guanaco peruano y determinar los niveles de parasitismode las poblaciones evaluadas. Se obtuvieron 132 muestras de heces frescas deguanacos silvestres pertenecientes a nueve poblaciones ubicadas en seis departamentosdel Perú: Comunidad Campesina de Huallhua (Ayacucho), Reserva Nacional de Calipuy(La Libertad), Comunidad Campesina de Chavín (Ica), Reserva Nacional Salinas y AguadaBlanca y distritos de Machaguay y Yarabamba (Arequipa), distrito de Quilahuani yComunidad Campesina de Vila Vilani (Tacna), y distrito de La Capilla (Moquegua). Lasmuestras fueron procesadas mediante técnicas coproparasitológicas de flotación, sedimentación,cultivo de larvas, Baerman y biometría de larvas y ooquistes. Se identificaronocho especies de nematodos: Graphinema aucheniae, Bunostomun sp., Ostertagia sp.,Trichuris sp, Cooperia sp., Nematodirus sp., Mazamastrongylus peruvianus yTrichostrongylus sp. y cuatro especies de Eimeria: E. lamae, E. alpacae, E. punoensis yE. macusaniensis. Todas las poblaciones se encontraban con al menos un guanacoparasitado, presentando en general cargas bajas y variando las frecuencias de parasitismogastrointestinal de una población a otra, dependiendo del hábitat y de la proximidada herbívoros domésticos.The aim of this study was to identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites affecting the Peruvian guanaco and to determine the levels of parasitism in the populations under evaluation. For this purpose, 132 fresh faecal samples were collected from nine populations of wild guanacos located in six departments of Peru: Huallhua Community in Ayacucho; Calipuy National Reserve in La Libertad; Chavín community in Ica; Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve, and Machaguay and Yarabamba districts in Arequipa, Quilahuani district and Vila Vilani community in Tacna, and La Capilla district in Moquegua. Samples were processed by the coproparasitological techniques of flotation, sedimentation, larvae culture, and Baerman, and biometry of larvae and oocysts. Eight species of nematodes were identified: Graphinema aucheniae, Bunostomun spp., Ostertagia spp., Trichuris spp., Cooperia spp., Nematodirus spp., Mazamastrongylus peruvianus and Trichostrongylus spp., and four Eimeria species: E. lamae, E. alpacae, E. punoensis and E. macusaniensis. All guanaco populations had at least one animal with parasites, showing low parasite burden in general, and with a variation in the frequency of gastrointestinal parasitism from one population to another, depending on the habitat and the proximity to other domestic herbivores

Conflict between Farmers and Guanacos (<i>Lama guanicoe cacsilensis</i>): Field Surveys, Remote Sensing, and Interviews Provide Information for Conservation of a Critically Endangered Species in Southern Peru

The Peruvian guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) is classified as being “in critical danger of extinction” by the government. In this study, we evaluate how the conflict between farmers and guanacos in the Susapaya and Estique Districts, Tacna Department (Southern Peru) may represent a threat to their survival. To evaluate the situation, we 1. Conducted field surveys to monitor guanaco presence, 2. Used available remote sensing data to map guanaco movement, and 3. interviewed the impacted farmers concerning their losses. Remote sensing data showed that sedentary guanaco family groups located in prime steppe vegetation habitats never entered agricultural areas, while field surveys showed that bachelor bands and solitary individuals did, perhaps seeking forage due to growing population pressure. Interview data found that 90% of community farmers felt that guanacos were a problem best resolved by better fencing (45%), hunting (19%), or increased security (16%), and 92% saw no value in the conservation of the species. Hunting is illegal, given the critically endangered status of guanacos in Peru, so additional efforts are needed to both educate those who feel guanacos are a menace and involve them in efforts to preserve the species

Data from: Comparing genetic diversity and demographic history in co-distributed wild South American camelids

Vicuñas and guanacos are two species of wild South American camelids that are key ruminants in the ecosystems where they occur. Although closely related, these species feature differing ecologies and life history characters, which are expected to influence both their genetic diversity and population differentiation at different spatial scales. Here, using mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic markers, we show that vicuña display lower genetic diversity within populations than guanaco but exhibit more structure across their Peruvian range, which may reflect a combination of natural genetic differentiation linked to geographic isolation and recent anthropogenic population declines. Coalescent based demographic analyses indicate that both species have passed through a strong bottleneck, reducing their effective population sizes from over 20,000 to less than 1,000 individuals. For vicuña this bottleneck is inferred to have taken place ~3,300 years ago, but to have occurred more recently for guanaco at ~2,000 years ago. These inferred dates are considerably later than the onset of domestication (when the alpaca was domesticated from the vicuña while the llama was domesticated from the guanaco), coinciding instead with a major human population expansion following the mid-Holocene cold period. As importantly, they imply earlier declines than the well-documented Spanish conquest, where major mass mortality events were recorded for Andean human and camelid populations. We argue that underlying species’ differences and recent demographic perturbations have influenced genetic diversity in modern vicuña and guanaco populations, and these processes should be carefully evaluated in the development and implementation of management strategies for these important genetic resources

FINAL_VICUNA_and_GUANACO_msa

Excel file with the vicuña and guanaco microsatellite MSA input files

Proyecto de innovación en tutorías para alumnos de ingeniero químico

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónEl proyecto de acción tutorial se ha llevado a cabo en los cinco cursos de la titulación con un doble enfoque. Por una parte se han organizado grupos de tutoría de unos cinco alumnos en los que se han realizado actividades orientadas a mejorar el rendimiento académico, apoyo en la toma de decisiones, mejora del conocimiento que los alumnos tienen sobre la Universidad y los servicios y actividades que pueden realizar. Por otra parte, se han organizado actividades por cursos o varios cursos, para informar sobre temas generales de su interés, facilitar la realización de prácticas y apoyar a los alumnos de último curso en la incorporación al mercado laboral.NavarraUniversidad Pública de Navarra. Biblioteca Universitaria; Campus de Arrosadia; 31006 Pamplona; Tel. +34948169060; Fax +34948169069; [email protected]

Proyecto de innovación en tutorias para alumnos de ingeniería química

El proyecto de acción tutorial se ha llevado a cabo en los cinco cursos de la titulación con un doble enfoque. Por una parte se han organizado grupos de tutoría de unos cinco alumnos en los que se han realizado actividades orientadas a mejorar el rendimiento académico, apoyo en la toma de decisiones, mejora del conocimiento que los alumnos tienen sobre la Universidad y los servicios y actividades que pueden realizar. Por otra parte, se han organizado actividades por cursos o varios cursos, para informar sobre temas generales de su interés, facilitar la realización de prácticas y apoyar a los alumnos de último curso en la incorporación al mercado laboral