Housing segregation and neighborhood effects. : A qualitative study with Råslätt in focus.

Boendesegregation innebär att individer, eller snarare grupper av individer, lever rumsligt åtskilda från varandra, och grannskapseffekter är den möjliga påverkan grannskapet har på individen, och som påverkar dennes livschanser. Den socioekonomiska segregationen har ökat från 1990-talet och framåt, den etniska segregationen ännu mer. En stor del av detta kan tillskrivas miljonprogrammet. Socioekonomisk och etnisk boendesegregation överlappar varandra väl. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att undersöka mekanismer bakom grannskapseffekter som uppkommer genom boendesegregation i ett utsatt bostadsområde, närmare bestämt Råslätt i Jönköpings kommun. Grannskapseffekter är selektiva: de påverkar inte alla lika mycket eller på samma sätt. Fokus ligger på grannskapseffekter med avseende på arbete, hälsa och ungdomskriminalitet. Studiens empiri bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med främst professionella som delvis bor på det studerade området. Som teoretisk grund har använts Galsters kategorisering av grannskapseffekter, som skiljer mellan endogena och exogena mekanismer. Studiens ansats är kvalitativ med en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar på komplexiteten i hur olika omständigheter både inom och utanför grannskapet interagerar och kan skapa försämrade livschanser för individer.Housing segregation means that individuals, or rather groups of individuals, live spatially separate from each other, and neighborhood effects are the possible impact the neighborhood has on the individual, and that affect their life chances. Socio-economic segregation has increased from the 1990s onwards, and ethnic segregation is even more so, and much of this can be attributed to the million-dollar programme. Socio-economic and ethnic housing segregation overlaps. The overall aim of the study is to investigate mechanisms behind neighbourhood effects arising from housing segregation in a vulnerable residential area, namely Råslätt in Jönköping Municipality. Neighborhood effects are selective: they do not affect everyone equally or in the same way. The focus is on neighbourhood effects in terms of work, health and youth crime. The study's empirical evidence is based on semi-structured interviews with professionals who partly live in the neighborhood studied. As a theoretical basis, Galster's categorization of neighborhood effects, which distinguishes between endogenous and exogenous mechanisms, has been used. The study's approach is qualitative with a thematic analysis. The results show the complexity of how different circumstances both inside and outside the neighborhood interact and can create degraded life chances for individuals

Från Vasatiden till Frihetstiden : några drag ur den svenska konstitutionalismens historia

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5479540*es

A fair score? : group independent validity arguments for college admission tests

This thesis aims to investigate fair use of test scores for admission to higher education. In this thesis, fairness is narrowed down to an instrumental definition relating to a fair interpretation of test scores. The focus is on the use of the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) for admission decisions. The main questions targeted are whether the scores generated from an adaptation with extended time for test takers with dyslexia are fair and whether the SweSAT-scores may disadvantage students with an immigrant background. The thesis is based on validity theory and an established argument-based validity concept is used to link the results to crucial aspects of fairness. This thesis adds explicit fairness-related issues in some detail to this already established framework used for validity research related to the SweSAT. This approach involves some propositions about fairness, each of which can be investigated empirically which, to some extent, has been conducted in separate studies in this thesis. The individual studies contain a variety of results. In the first study, sub-scores of the SweSAT was found to have differential values for certain groups of test takers. This could cause unfairness if the sub-scores are used for admission decisions, but it also indicates that the internal structure of the test is inconsistent across groups. In the second article, the SweSAT was found to be speeded, meaning that the time limit is affecting the test score, and that test takers with dyslexia generally benefit from being given extra time to complete the test. It could not be ruled out that the extra time causes a beneficial experience of lower speededness compared to the rest of the test population, who take the test with no extra time. In the third article, we discover, to our surprise, that immigrant groups generally perform worse than expected in higher education when the expectations are based on their SweSAT and upper secondary school grades. In other words, the instruments used does not create an unintentional obstacle for immigrants in general since the ability of these groups to complete higher education is overestimated when grades and SweSAT-Scores are used for selection. However, in the final article, test items that may cause an unfair disadvantage for immigrant students was identified. In summary, the results contribute to expanding and, to some extent, strengthening the validity of using the SweSAT for admission. However, certain fairness issues have been noted

Create your digital shop window : A study of the creation and importance ofdigital identity in the media industry

Googling their employees and job seekers are becoming more common andin that we live our lives more and more on the internet it becomes moreimportant how we act and to think about what you publish on the internet.Each time you press a key, will leave a digital footprint behind and thereforeit’s important to know how to deal with this. The purpose was to describehow a person strategically can proceed to build an identity on the internet toget benefits in the job seeking process in the media industry and to describethe importance of the digital identity in the recruitment process in a smallertown. We’ve used a qualitative approach and made eight interviews withrecruiters from the media and also people who have built a digital identity.We’ve used Bauman’s theory about consumer society, Montoya’s eight lawsof personal branding and also theories about profiling, and communicationsplanning to analyze the material. We’ve found that a digital identity plays animportant role in the professional context in the media industry and cansometimes be crucial if a person gets a job or not. The first thing to do whenbuilding a digital identity is to find your core value, set goals and define thetarget audience in order to adapt to this when you convey your message. It’salso important to choose the right channel to carry the message through. Thedigital identity also needs to be updated and maintained regularly

Intimacy in close male friendships

Detta är en kvalitativ studie som syftar till att undersöka betydelsen av dyadisk manlig vänskap för den enskilda individen. Framställningen av att det finns en bristande intimitet i manlig vänskap problematiseras genom att besvara frågan om hur intimitet ter sig i manliga nära vänskapsrelationer. Studien bygger på tidigare maskulinitets- och vänskapsforskning av bland andra Grief och Alberonisom undersökt vänskapsrelationer och intimitet i relation till maskulinitet. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex män i åldern 20-30 år och därefter analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att upprätthållande av relationen, att slippa hävda sig, att våga vara sårbar och retsam kärlek är det som utgör manlig vänskap för våra informanter. Begrepp som används för att belysa dessa teman är intimitet, homohysteri, maskulinitet och Alberonis begrepp möte

A fair score? : group independent validity arguments for college admission tests

This thesis aims to investigate fair use of test scores for admission to higher education. In this thesis, fairness is narrowed down to an instrumental definition relating to a fair interpretation of test scores. The focus is on the use of the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) for admission decisions. The main questions targeted are whether the scores generated from an adaptation with extended time for test takers with dyslexia are fair and whether the SweSAT-scores may disadvantage students with an immigrant background. The thesis is based on validity theory and an established argument-based validity concept is used to link the results to crucial aspects of fairness. This thesis adds explicit fairness-related issues in some detail to this already established framework used for validity research related to the SweSAT. This approach involves some propositions about fairness, each of which can be investigated empirically which, to some extent, has been conducted in separate studies in this thesis. The individual studies contain a variety of results. In the first study, sub-scores of the SweSAT was found to have differential values for certain groups of test takers. This could cause unfairness if the sub-scores are used for admission decisions, but it also indicates that the internal structure of the test is inconsistent across groups. In the second article, the SweSAT was found to be speeded, meaning that the time limit is affecting the test score, and that test takers with dyslexia generally benefit from being given extra time to complete the test. It could not be ruled out that the extra time causes a beneficial experience of lower speededness compared to the rest of the test population, who take the test with no extra time. In the third article, we discover, to our surprise, that immigrant groups generally perform worse than expected in higher education when the expectations are based on their SweSAT and upper secondary school grades. In other words, the instruments used does not create an unintentional obstacle for immigrants in general since the ability of these groups to complete higher education is overestimated when grades and SweSAT-Scores are used for selection. However, in the final article, test items that may cause an unfair disadvantage for immigrant students was identified. In summary, the results contribute to expanding and, to some extent, strengthening the validity of using the SweSAT for admission. However, certain fairness issues have been noted