A List of Plants Collected in Lee County, Florida

The plants included in the following list were collected at several points in Lee County, Florida, in July and August, 1900. My headquarters were at Myers, on the Caloosahatchee River, at which place most of the numbers were collected. Collections were made also at Alva, about twenty-five miles up the river, at Punta Rassa and Sanibel, at the mouth of the river, and at Marco, an island a considerable distance down the coast. A few plants were collected at Everglade, at the southwest corner of the county. Of all the plants in proper condition and in sufficient abundance, ten sets were prepared. Full sets contain 500 forms, though the total numbers are 549. Several species were obtained which are not represented in the sets

The Type Species of Danthonia

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Manual of the Grasses of the United States

Introduction 1 Uses of grasses 1 Distribution of grasses 5 Morphology of grasses 6 Classification of grasses 10 Nomenclature 12 Common names 14 Scope of the manual 14 Gramineae (Poaceae), the grass family 15 Descriptions of the subfamilies and keys to the tribes 16 Subfamily 1. Festucoideae 16 Subfamily 2. Panicoideae 17 Descriptions of the tribes and keys to the genera 17 Tribe 1. Bambuseae 17 Tribe 2. Festuceae 17 Tribe 3. Hordeae 20 Tribe 4. Aveneae 21 Tribe 5. Agrostideae 22 Tribe 6. Zovsieae 24 Tribe 7. Chlorideae 24 Tribe 8. Phalarideae. 25 Tribe 9. Oryzeae 25 Tribe 10. Zizanieae 26 Tribe 11. Melinideae 26 Tribe 12. Paniceae 26 Tribe 13. Andropogoneae 27 Tribe 14. Tripsaceae 29 Descriptions of genera and species 29 Tribe 1. Bambuseae 29 Tribe 2. Festuceae 31 Tribe 3. Hordeae 229 Tribe 4. Aveneae 275 Tribe 5. Agrostideae 306 Tribe 6. Zoysieae 462 Tribe 7. Chlorideae 469 TribeS. Phalarideae 526 Tribe 9. Oryzeae 535 Tribe 10. Zizanieae 540 Tribe 11. Melinideae 546 Tribe 12. Paniceae 549 Tribe 13. Andropogoneae 715 Tribe 14. Tripsaceae 764 Synonymy 772 Unidentified names 979 Persons for whom grasses have been named 982 Glossary 987 Additions and corrections 993 Index 99

Knowledge of and misconceptions about the spread and prevention of HIV infection among older urban women attending the Tshwane District Hospital, South Africa

Background: Statistics around the world show a rapid increase in HIV infection in the older population. Many older women remain sexually active and are therefore exposed to heterosexual transmission of HIV infection. Older women are most likely considered respected opinion leaders within the families and communities and are likely to influence others’ attitudes and behaviours. An increase in knowledge through information plays a fundamental role and is a prerequisite for behavioural change that may prevent new HIV infections. The purpose of the current study was to assess the knowledge and misconceptions regarding the spread and prevention of HIV in older women attending the Tshwane District Hospital (TDH) in South Africa.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 100 women, aged 50 to 80 years, attending the TDH out-patient section during November and December 2006 was done. The levels of knowledge were determined by using a directed questionnaire.Results: Eight per cent of the participants answered all the questions correctly, showing knowledge gaps in the remaining 92% (95% confidence interval: 86.7%–97.3%). Many participants were unaware of the protective effects of condom use, especially female condoms, and of HIV spread by anal transmission, the sharing of needles and blood transfusion. Three or more misconceptions were present in 48% of the participants, such as HIV spread by casual contact, the sharing of personal items, air-borne infection, mosquito bites, HIV testing and AIDS prevention or cure by traditional medicines or alternatives. Sixty-two per cent of the older women were found to have adequate knowledge (95% confidence interval: 52%–71.5%), knowing the basic concepts regarding HIV transmission.Conclusion: There is a significant need for HIV-related preventive health education in older women, not only to decrease potential high-risk behaviours, but also to reduce unnecessary feelings of anxiety and misconceptions. Family physicians, due to their unique role, might be able to use the present study in their practices in order to optimise the planning and structuring of awar eness interventions and prevention programmes.Keywords: knowledge; HIV; misconceptions; beliefs; older women; transmission; preventio

Cenchrus humilis Hitchc.

MollendopublishedVersio

A multicopper oxidase (Cj1516) and a CopA homologue (Cj1161) are major components of the copper homeostasis system of Campylobacter jejuni

© American Society for Microbiology, 2008. Post-print version of article deposited in accordance with SHERPA RoMEO guidelines.Metal ion homeostasis mechanisms in the food-borne human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are poorly understood. The Cj1516 gene product is homologous to the multicopper oxidase CueO, which is known to contribute to copper tolerance in Escherichia coli. Here we show, by optical absorbance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, that purified recombinant Cj1516 contains both T1 and trinuclear copper centers, which are characteristic of multicopper oxidases. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that the protein contained approximately six copper atoms per polypeptide. The presence of an N-terminal "twin arginine" signal sequence suggested a periplasmic location for Cj1516, which was confirmed by the presence of p-phenylenediamine (p-PD) oxidase activity in periplasmic fractions of wild-type but not Cj1516 mutant cells. Kinetic studies showed that the pure protein exhibited p-PD, ferroxidase, and cuprous oxidase activities and was able to oxidize an analogue of the bacterial siderophore anthrachelin (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate), although no iron uptake impairment was observed in a Cj1516 mutant. However, this mutant was very sensitive to increased copper levels in minimal media, suggesting a role in copper tolerance. This was supported by increased expression of the Cj1516 gene in copper-rich media. A mutation in a second gene, the Cj1161c gene, encoding a putative CopA homologue, was also found to result in copper hypersensitivity, and a Cj1516 Cj1161c double mutant was found to be more copper sensitive than either single mutant. These observations and the apparent lack of alternative copper tolerance systems suggest that Cj1516 (CueO) and Cj1161 (CopA) are major proteins involved in copper homeostasis in C. jejuni

First principles theory of chiral dichroism in electron microscopy applied to 3d ferromagnets

Recently it was demonstrated (Schattschneider et al., Nature 441 (2006), 486), that an analogue of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiment can be performed with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The new phenomenon has been named energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD). In this work we present a detailed ab initio study of the chiral dichroism in the Fe, Co and Ni transition elements. We discuss the methods used for the simulations together with the validity and accuracy of the treatment, which can, in principle, apply to any given crystalline specimen. The dependence of the dichroic signal on the sample thickness, accuracy of the detector position and the size of convergence and collection angles is calculated.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Bayesian model averaging with fixed and flexible priors: theory, concepts, and calibration experiments for rainfall-runoff modeling

This paper introduces for the first time the concept of Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) with multiple prior structures, for rainfall‐runoff modeling applications. The original BMA model proposed by Raftery et al. (2005) assumes that the prior probability density function (pdf) is adequately described by a mixture of Gamma and Gaussian distributions. Here we discuss the advantages of using BMA with fixed and flexible prior distributions. Uniform, Binomial, Binomial‐Beta, Benchmark, and Global Empirical Bayes priors along with Informative Prior Inclusion and Combined Prior Probabilities were applied to calibrate daily streamflow records of a coastal plain watershed in the South‐East USA. Various specifications for Zellner's g prior including Hyper, Fixed, and Empirical Bayes Local (EBL) g priors were also employed to account for the sensitivity of BMA and derive the conditional pdf of each constituent ensemble member. These priors were examined using the simulation results of conceptual and semi‐distributed rainfall‐runoff models. The hydrologic simulations were first coupled with a new sensitivity analysis model and a parameter uncertainty algorithm to assess the sensitivity and uncertainty associated with each model. BMA was then used to subsequently combine the simulations of the posterior pdf of each constituent hydrological model. Analysis suggests that a BMA based on combined fixed and flexible priors provides a coherent mechanism and promising results for calculating a weighted posterior probability compared to individual model calibration. Furthermore, the probability of Uniform and Informative Prior Inclusion priors received significantly lower predictive error whereas more uncertainty resulted from a fixed g prior (i.e. EBL)