Magnetic Properties of the Systems (Cr, Fe) Sb and (Cr, Co) Sb

Magnetic measurements were made of the systems (Cr_Sb)_(Fe_Sb)_x and (Cr_Sb)_(Co_Sb)_x. In both systems, ferromagnetism appeared in the intermediate range of x. In the (Cr, Fe) Sb system maximum of the spontaneous magnetization and the Curie temperature was found at x=0.6. However, the temperature variation of the magnetization near the Curie temperature was not so sharp as in the usual ferromagnet, and also the high field susceptibility at low temperatures was anomalously high. X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements revealed that there was no miscibility gap between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. Mossbauer effect showed that, for x=0.8 the internal field on Fe^ nuclei was about 90 kOe, and the isomer shift (against stainless steel) was 0.54 mm/sec. The anomalous behavior of magnetization was even more pronounced in the (Cr, So) Sb system. Ferromagnetic interactions Cr-Sb-Fe and Cr-Sb-Co can well be interpreted on the basis of the Goodenough-Kanamori theory

Effects of electromagnetic fields on membrane ion transport of cultured cells

We have studied the mechanisms of ion transport mediated by Na+/K+-pump and Na+, K+, Cl--cotransport pathway of HeLa cells using Rb+ as an analog for K+, and proposed models of binding of ions for the transport pathways. Also, we clarified the relation between ion and water movements in the cells. Based on these findings, we have studied the effects of homogeneous and time-varying magnetic fields on the ion transport activity. The research presented here covers (i) brief explanations of our kinetic studies on the ion transport pathways for promoting understanding of the effects of magnetic fields on the pathways, (ii) our and other reports of the effects of magnetic fields on ion transport systems

Effects of electromagnetic fields on membrane ion transport of cultured cells

We have studied the mechanisms of ion transport mediated by Na+/K+-pump and Na+, K+, Cl--cotransport pathway of HeLa cells using Rb+ as an analog for K+, and proposed models of binding of ions for the transport pathways. Also, we clarified the relation between ion and water movements in the cells. Based on these findings, we have studied the effects of homogeneous and time-varying magnetic fields on the ion transport activity. The research presented here covers (i) brief explanations of our kinetic studies on the ion transport pathways for promoting understanding of the effects of magnetic fields on the pathways, (ii) our and other reports of the effects of magnetic fields on ion transport systems

Magnetic Properties of Ternary DyMn_2X_2 Compounds (X=Si and Ge)(Magnetism)

Magnetic properties of DyMn_2Si_2, DyMn_2Ge_2 and their mixed compounds DyMn_2(Si_Ge_x)_2, which display a variety of interesting magnetic behaviors originating in competing magnetic interactions and anisotropy, have been investigated systematically by magnetization mesurements ^Dy Mossbauer spectroscopy and neutron diffraction experiments. This report presents a review of the results mainly obtained by the magnetization measurements

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy dose verification using fluence and portal imaging device

Patient-specific quality assurance for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose verification is essential. The aim of this study is to provide a new method based on the relative error distribution by comparing the fluence map from the treatment planning system (TPS) and the incident fluence deconvolved from the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images. This method is validated for 10 head and neck IMRT cases. The fluence map of each beam was exported from the TPS and EPID images of the treatment beams were acquired. Measured EPID images were deconvolved to the incident fluence with proper corrections. The relative error distribution between the TPS fluence map and the incident fluence from the EPID was created. This was also created for a 2D diode array detector. The absolute point dose was measured with an ionization chamber, and the dose distribution was measured by a radiochromic film. In three cases, MLC leaf positions were intentionally changed to create the dose error as much as 5% against the planned dose and our fluence-based method was tested using gamma index. Absolute errors between the predicted dose of 2D diode detector and of our method and measure­ments were 1.26% ± 0.65% and 0.78% ± 0.81% respectively. The gamma passing rate (3% global / 3 mm) of the TPS was higher than that of the 2D diode detector (p< 0.02), and lower than that of the EPID (p < 0.04). The gamma passing rate (2% global / 2 mm) of the TPS was higher than that of the 2D diode detector, while the gamma passing rate of the TPS was lower than that of EPID (p < 0.02). For three modified plans, the predicted dose errors against the measured dose were 1.10%, 2.14%, and -0.87%. The predicted dose distributions from the EPID were well matched to the measurements. Our fluence-based method provides very accurate dosimetry for IMRT patients. The method is simple and can be adapted to any clinic for complex cases

Extrarenal multiorgan metastases of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: A case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Collecting duct carcinoma is a rare type of renal cell carcinoma. The primary is difficult to diagnose on imaging, and metastases are often present on initial presentation. Extensive multiorgan metastases can result in complex presentations that can be difficult to diagnose.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present two case reports of multiorgan metastases of collecting duct carcinoma that were autopsy confirmed. The first case was a 55-year-old man who presented with fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed enlargement of the right kidney. Pyelonephritis was considered on the basis of laboratory test results and imaging findings. However, multiple cavitary lesions were found on routine chest radiography. These lesions were biopsied, resulting in a histological diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. A renal tumor was considered. Transitional cell carcinoma was suspected, which proved to be misdiagnosed and chemotherapy was given accordingly. However, this was not effective and the patient died after 2 months. Autopsy demonstrated the primary tumor to be collecting duct carcinoma, with metastases to lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, right adrenal gland, and para-aortic lymph node. Computed tomography done while the patient was alive detected lung, liver, and para-aortic lymph node metastases. The second case was a 77-year-old man who presented with fever. Pyelonephritis was considered on the basis of the laboratory test results and imaging findings. Antibiotic therapy improved his symptoms and laboratory indicators of inflammation. One year later, he developed backache. Computed tomography revealed a progressively enlarging right renal lesion, multiple liver masses, enlargement of the para-aortic lymph nodes, and multiple osteoblastic and osteoclastic lesions. A renal tumor with multiple metastases was diagnosed. Chemotherapy was given without effect, and the patient died of cardiac failure 1 year later. Autopsy revealed a primary tumor of collecting duct carcinoma with metastases to the liver, right adrenal gland, right upper ureter, bone marrow, para-aortic and mediastinal lymph nodes, and bone.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We present the radiological findings of lung, liver, lymph node, and bone metastases in two patients with collecting duct carcinoma.</p

Decadal–centennial-scale solar-linked climate variations and millennial-scale internal oscillations during the Early Cretaceous

Understanding climate variability and stability under extremely warm ‘greenhouse’ conditions in the past is essential for future climate predictions. However, information on millennial-scale (and shorter) climate variability during such periods is scarce, owing to a lack of suitable high-resolution, deep-time archives. Here we present a continuous record of decadal- to orbital-scale continental climate variability from annually laminated lacustrine deposits formed during the late Early Cretaceous (123–120 Ma: late Barremian–early Aptian) in southeastern Mongolia. Inter-annual changes in lake algal productivity for a 1091-year interval reveal a pronounced solar influence on decadal- to centennial-scale climatic variations (including the ~ 11-year Schwabe cycle). Decadally-resolved Ca/Ti ratios (proxy for evaporation/precipitation changes) for a ~ 355-kyr long interval further indicate millennial-scale (~ 1000–2000-yr) extreme drought events in inner-continental areas of mid-latitude palaeo-Asia during the Cretaceous. Millennial-scale oscillations in Ca/Ti ratio show distinct amplitude modulation (AM) induced by the precession, obliquity and short eccentricity cycles. Similar millennial-scale AM by Milankovitch cycle band was also previously observed in the abrupt climatic oscillations (known as Dansgaard–Oeschger events) in the ‘intermediate glacial’ state of the late Pleistocene, and in their potential analogues in the Jurassic ‘greenhouse’. Our findings indicate that external solar activity forcing was effective on decadal–centennial timescales, whilst the millennial-scale variations were likely amplified by internal process such as changes in deep-water formation strength, even during the Cretaceous ‘greenhouse’ period