Role of Edge Oxygen Atoms on the Adhesive Interaction between Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Resin

A mechanism of the adhesion between carbon fiber and epoxy resin is studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Surface structures of carbon fiber were modeled by the armchair-edge structure of graphite functionalized with OH and COOH groups. DFT calculations were performed to construct two realistic models of adhesion interface consisting of the functionalized carbon surface and a fragment of epoxy resin. Adhesive properties of the model interfaces were evaluated based on the binding energy (<i>E</i>_b) between the carbon surface and the resin as well as the maximum adhesive force (<i>F</i>_max) acting at the interface. Calculated values of <i>E</i>_b are 13.8 kcal/mol for the OH-functionalized surface and 19.1 kcal/mol for the COOH-functionalized surface. The binding energy per hydrogen bond is calculated to be 6.9 kcal/mol (OH model; two H-bonds) and 6.3 kcal/mol (COOH model; three H-bonds), both of which are virtually similar and reasonable for the bond energy of a typical OH···O hydrogen bond. Analysis of adhesive force–displacement curves derived from energy–displacement plots revealed that <i>F</i>_max is 0.52 nN for the OH model and 0.70 nN for the COOH model. Calculated adhesive properties are in good agreement with those previously reported for the interface between an aluminum oxide surface and an epoxy resin [<i>J. Phys. Chem. C</i> <b>2011</b>, <i>115</i>, 11701], strongly suggesting that hydrogen bonds between the oxygen-containing functional groups play a crucial role in the adhesive interaction in the carbon fiber/epoxy resin system

動脈性および静脈性脳空気塞栓の頭部CT画像

We had the opportunity to give our expert opinion on two cases, in which the physician did not make the appropriate diagnosis of cerebral air embolism. One case was a cerebral arterial air embolism, which had occurred due to a simple error made by a physician following coronary angiography. The other case was a cerebral venous air embolism, which was deliberately induced by venous injection of 340 ml of air. In both cases, cranial CT was performed but an accurate diagnosis was not made ; nevertheless the manner of death was recorded as natural death on both death certificates. We suggest that a physician cannot easily describe the manner of death on a death certificate when the cause of death is not certain, and that a medico-legal autopsy should definitely be performed for investigation into the cause of death in such case.我々は,臨床医が診断なし得なかった脳空気塞栓の頭部CT画像について法医学的鑑定を行った.1例は冠動脈造影中に生じた動脈性脳空気塞栓で,施術医の単純なミスであった.もう1例は静脈に340mlの空気を注入されたことによって生じた静脈性脳空気塞栓であった.いずれも適切な診断が行われなかったにもかかわらず,死亡診断書の「死因の種類」の欄には「病死」と記載されていた.死因が不明である死体については,その原因を安易に「病死」とすることは避けなければならず,正確な死因を決定するには積極的に解剖を行うべきである

Cranial Computed Tomograms of Arterial and Venous Cerebral Air Embolism

We had the opportunity to give our expert opinion on two cases, in which the physician did not make the appropriate diagnosis of cerebral air embolism. One case was a cerebral arterial air embolism, which had occurred due to a simple error made by a physician following coronary angiography. The other case was a cerebral venous air embolism, which was deliberately induced by venous injection of 340 ml of air. In both cases, cranial CT was performed but an accurate diagnosis was not made ; nevertheless the manner of death was recorded as natural death on both death certificates. We suggest that a physician cannot easily describe the manner of death on a death certificate when the cause of death is not certain, and that a medico-legal autopsy should definitely be performed for investigation into the cause of death in such case.我々は,臨床医が診断なし得なかった脳空気塞栓の頭部CT画像について法医学的鑑定を行った.1例は冠動脈造影中に生じた動脈性脳空気塞栓で,施術医の単純なミスであった.もう1例は静脈に340mlの空気を注入されたことによって生じた静脈性脳空気塞栓であった.いずれも適切な診断が行われなかったにもかかわらず,死亡診断書の「死因の種類」の欄には「病死」と記載されていた.死因が不明である死体については,その原因を安易に「病死」とすることは避けなければならず,正確な死因を決定するには積極的に解剖を行うべきである

Third Epidemiological Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Central Region of Japan from 2006 to 2015

The present study aimed to clarify the incidence and clinical outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Chubu region of Japan from 2006 to 2015, compared with previous reports. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on medical records from 40 hospitals located in the Chubu region in the central Japanese main island, with a population of around 22.66 million individuals. This study was designed in line with to two previous clinical studies into NPC conducted in the same area of Japan. We recruited NPC patients diagnosed in hospitals across this area over a 10-year period (2006&ndash;2015) using a questionnaire about sex, age, primary site, clinical symptoms, pathology, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging, serological exam, treatment, and survival. A total of 620 NPC patients were identified. The age-standardized incidence of NPC from 2006 to 2015 was 0.27 per 100,000 individuals per year. There were no significant differences between this study and the previous two studies conducted in the same area of Japan. The five-year overall survival rate for all patients was 75.9%, while those for patients with stages I, II, III, and IVA were 97%, 91%, 79%, and 68%, respectively. The age-standardized annual incidence of NPC in the present study was 0.27 per 100,000 individuals per year, which was relatively low and stable. The five-year overall survival rate for all NPC patients was significantly improved in this decade compared with previous studies. The smoking rates in male and female NPC patients were 64.5% and 18.8%, respectively, thereby suggesting the involvement of smoking in the incidence of NPC

Analysis of a Paternity Case in which the Alleged Father was Deceased : Single Locus Misma tch

We performed a paternity test without the alleged father, who was deceased, and we found a mismatch in one of the alleles of the autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) locus D3S1358 in the illegitimate daughter. DNA genotypes of the dead alleged father were estimated from the DNA genotypes of his wife and their four children. The ABO genotype, the DXS10011 locus and the calculations using the 12 STR loci and the D1S80 locus, but not the STR locus D3S1358 suggested that there was a high probability that the dead alleged father was in fact the actual biological father. The genotype of locus D3S1358 of the dead alleged father, the illegitimate daughter's mother and the illegitimate daughter was 15/17, 15/17 and 15/18, respectively. PCR and sequencing after TA cloning of allele 17 of one of the children who had only a homozygote of allele 17, of allele 17 of the illegitimate daughter's mother and of allele 18 of the illegitimate daughter revealed that allele 18 which was considered to be a mutated allele had one more repeat of (GATA) within the first repeat region.擬父が既に死亡している親子鑑定を実施した.妻と4人の嫡出子のDNA型から推定した擬父の型と妻でない女性を母とした非嫡出子の12種類のSTR型においてD3S1358座位のみで不一致を認めた.ABO式血液型の遺伝子型とX-STR型のDXS10011座位およびD3S1358座位を除く他の座位におけるDNA型による父権肯定確率は擬父がこの非嫡出子の生物学的父親であることを示していた.D3S1358座位における遺伝子型は擬i父,非嫡出子の母共に15/17であったが,非嫡出子は15/18であった.i擬父の対立遺伝子17が遺伝していると考えられる娘と非嫡出子およびその母のD3S1358座位のクローニングおよびシークエンスにより,非嫡出子の対立遺伝子18は(GATA)の繰り返しが一回多い突然変異であることが判明した