Evaluation of countermeasure against future malware evolution with deterministic modeling

Recently, machine learning technologies have dramatically evolved. Accordingly, the concept of self-evolving botnets has been introduced, which discover vulnerabilities of hosts by distributed machine learning using the computational resources of infected hosts, and infect other hosts by attacks using the discovered vulnerabilities. The infectability of the self-evolving botnets is too strong compared with conventional botnets, so that such new botnets will become the serious threat to future network society including 5G and IoT environments. In this paper, we consider a volunteer model that discovers unknown vulnerabilities earlier than self-evolving botnets by distributed computing using volunteer hosts’ resources and repairs the vulnerabilities. We propose deterministic modeling for the volunteer model. Through numerical calculations, we evaluate the performance of the volunteer model against self-evolving botnets.This is a product of research which was financially supported by the Kansai University Fund for Supporting Young Scholars, 2018, "Design of anti-malware systems against future malware evolution". This research was partially supported by The Telecommunications Advancement Foundation, Japan.Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC 2019), November 18-21, 2019, Lanzhou, Chin

Histological diagnostic criterion for chronic endometritis based on the clinical outcome.

Background:The diagnostic criteria of chronic endometritis remain controversial in the treatment for infertile patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a single university from June 2014 to September 2017. Patients who underwent single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer with a hormone replacement cycle after histological examination for the presence of chronic endometritis were enrolled. Four criteria were used to define chronic endometritis according to the number of plasma cells in the same group of patients: 1 or more (≥ 1) plasma cells, 2 or more (≥ 2), 3 or more (≥ 3), or 5 or more (≥ 5) in 10 high-power fields. Pregnancy rates, live birth rates, and miscarriage rates of the non-chronic endometritis and the chronic endometritis groups defined with each criterion were calculated. A logistic regression analysis was performed for live births using eight explanatory variables (seven infertility factors and chronic endometritis). A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn and the optimal cut-off value was calculated.Results:A total of 69 patients were registered and 53 patients were finally analyzed after exclusion. When the diagnostic criterion was designated as the presence of ≥ 1 plasma cell in the endometrial stroma per 10 high-power fields, the pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and miscarriage rate were 63.0% vs. 30.8%, 51.9% vs. 7.7%, and 17.7% vs. 75% in the non-chronic and chronic endometritis groups, respectively. This criterion resulted in the highest pregnancy and live birth rates among the non-chronic endometritis and the smallest P values for the pregnancy rates, live birth rates, and miscarriage rates between the non-chronic and chronic endometritis groups. In the logistic regression analysis, chronic endometritis was an explanatory variable negatively affecting the objective variable of live birth only when chronic endometritis was diagnosed with ≥ 1 or ≥ 2 plasma cells per 10 high-power fields. The optimal cut-off value was obtained when one or more plasma cells were found in 10 high-power fields (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.9%).Conclusions:Chronic endometritis should be diagnosed as the presence of ≥ 1 plasma cells in 10 high-power fields. According to this diagnostic criterion, chronic endometritis adversely affected the pregnancy rate and the live birth rate

4MV-X線を用いた頭頸部強度変調放射線治療におけるAcuros XBアルゴリズムの物理的・臨床的線量評価

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第20248号医博第4207号新制||医||1020(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 鈴木 実, 教授 別所 和久, 教授 大森 孝一学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Effects of speaking rate and vowel length on formant frequency displacement in Japanese

This study examined effects of phonemic vowel length and speaking rate, two factors that affect vowel duration, on the first and second formants of all vowels in Japanese. The aim was to delineate the aspects of formant displacement that are governed by the physiological proclivity of vowel production shared across languages, and the aspects that reveal language-specific phenomena. Acoustic analysis revealed that the phonemic long vowels occupied a more peripheral portion of the F1 × F2 vowel space than the phonemic short vowels (effect of vowel length), but effects of speaking rate were less clear. This was because of the significant interactions of the two effects: the formants of phonemic short vowels were more affected by speaking rates than the phonemic long vowels. Regression analyses between F2 and duration revealed that formant displacement occurs when vowels are less than 200 ms. Similarities and differences found for Japanese and English are discussed in terms of physiological proclivity of vowel production versus language-specific phonological encoding.21 page(s

Cross-language perception of Japanese vowel length contrasts : comparison of listeners from different first language backgrounds

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of Japanese vowel length contrasts by 4 groups of listeners who differed in their familiarity with length contrasts in their first language (L1; i.e., American English, Italian, Japanese, and Thai). Of the 3 nonnative groups, native Thai listeners were expected to outperform American English and Italian listeners, because vowel length is contrastive in their L1. Native Italian listeners were expected to demonstrate a higher level of accuracy for length contrasts than American English listeners, because the former are familiar with consonant (but not vowel) length contrasts (i.e., singleton vs. geminate) in their L1. Method: A 2-alternative forced-choice AXB discrimination test that included 125 trials was administered to all the participants, and the listeners' discrimination accuracy (d?) was reported. Results: As expected, Japanese listeners were more accurate than all 3 nonnative groups in their discrimination of Japanese vowel length contrasts. The 3 nonnative groups did not differ from one another in their discrimination accuracy despite varying experience with length contrasts in their L1. Only Thai listeners were more accurate in their length discrimination when the target vowel was long than when it was short. Conclusion: Being familiar with vowel length contrasts in L1 may affect the listeners' cross-language perception, but it does not guarantee that their L1 experience automatically results in efficient processing of length contrasts in unfamiliar languages. The extent of success may be related to how length contrasts are phonetically implemented in listeners' L1.10 page(s

Perception of vowel length contrasts in Arabic and Japanese : preliminary data from American English, Japanese and Thai Listeners

This study examined the discrimination of short and long vowels in two quantity-sensitive languages (Arabic and Japanese) by five groups of listeners differing in their first language (L1) backgrounds and experience with Japanese. Listeners’ L1s were American English, Japanese and Thai. One group each of American and Thai listeners was studying Japanese in their home countries (US and Thailand, respectively) and the other group had no experience with Japanese. None of the listeners had any experience with Arabic. As expected, the native Japanese (NJ) listeners discriminated the Japanese length contrasts more accurately than did non-native listeners (95 vs. 77-84%). Five groups did not differ in their discrimination accuracy for the Arabic vowels. The between-group difference in the response patterns suggests that only American learners of Japanese have experienced a shift in their long-term cognitive representations and approximated to the NJ group to a greater extent than the other groups.4 page(s