Natuurbalans 98: evaluatie bosbeleid

Bijdrage vanuit het Natuurplanburea

Draaiboek Natuurbalans

Gegevens voor samenstelling van de Natuurbalans, een verplichting van het Natuurplanburea

Experimental investigation of corrosion of IG-110 graphite by steam

In the framework of a cooperation between the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Research Centre of Julien (KFA) experiments on the corrosion of the Japanese graphite IG-110 by water vapour were carried out. The temperature of the graphite samples and the water vapour partial pressure were kept constant at 1000°C/474 mbar. The total pressure in the test loop using helium as carrier gas was varied between 3 and 55 bar. Burn-off and pressure dependent reaction rates and density profiles in corroded samples were measured. As expected, the burn-off dependence of the reaction rate decreased with increasing pressure, while only a comparably low pressure dependence of the reaction rate was found. The latter indicates that the influence of the Knudsen diffusion is giveneven for the highest pressure. This finding is in fair agreement with the results of density profile measurements carried out at a couple of corroded samples, which also revealed a relatively small pressure dependence of the "penetration depth". Correlations for the caculation of reaction rates and the penetration depth are given

Servitization, digitization and supply chain interdependency

This study draws on literature at the intersection of servitization, digital business models and supply chain management. Work empirically explores how digital disruption has affected Business-to-Business (B2B) interdependencies. Dematerialization of physical products is transforming the way firms are positioned in the supply chain due to a reduction in production and transport costs and the different ways business engage with customers. Specifically, we propose that these new market conditions can empower downstream firms. We further propose that upstream firms can still capture additional value through digital service if their servitized offer includes difficult to imitate elements. The context of the analysis is the publishing industry. The Payment Card method employed is used to test UK and US consumer’s perceptions of digital formats (eBooks) and assess their willingness to pay in relation to printed formats. The method undertaken enables us to elicit aggregated consumer demand for eBooks which in turn identifies optimal pricing strategies for the digital services. Analysis demonstrates that during digital servitization upstream firms should seek to deploy unique resources to ensure their strategic position in the supply chain is not diminished