Presence of Euglossa (Euglossa) amazonica outside of the Amazon Basin – biogeographic insights

Distributional patterns of euglossine bees are often shadowed by the most noticeablefeatures of the group, their morphology and behavior. With the constant discovery of records ofeuglossine species in novel localities, and the ongoing systematic work in the group, especiallyin Euglossa Latreille, a better picture of the evolution and biogeography of these bees is beingdeveloped. Provided here is an account of new records of Euglossa (Euglossa) amazonica Dressleroutside of the Amazon Basin region are presented along with a brief discussion of distributionalpatterns of the genus in northwestern South America

Juxtocellar Structures in Euglossine Bees: A New Character for Corbiculate Studies (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Es wird eine neuartige morphologische Struktur bei Prachtbienen (Apinae: Euglossini) dargestellt. Diese findet sich posterolateral der Ocelli und wird als “Juxtocellarstruktur” bezeichnet. Sie wird in ihrer Ausprägung bei den Euglossinen beschrieben. Homologe Strukturen wurden bei verschiedenen verwandten Gruppen von Apidae gefunden, z. B. bei Anthophorini, Centridini und Eucerini, während sie bei anderen fehlen, z. B. bei Xylocopinae und Nomadinae. Bemerkenswerterweise sind Juxtocellarstrukturen verlorengegangen als Apomorphie bei allen anderen korbikulaten Triben der Apidae (darunter die Bombini, Meliponini, Apini, Electrobombini, Electrapini und Melikertini), ein Merkmalsmuster, das mit den aktuellen phylogenetischen Hypothesen dieser Gruppe übereinstimmt.ResumenSe describe e ilustra una estructura morfológica nueva para abejas de las orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini). Estas diminutas estructuras, aquí nombradas “estructuras yuxtaocelares”, se ubican posterolateralmente a los ocelos. Se describe la diversidad de su forma dentro de Euglossini. Estructuras homólogas fueron encontradas en algunos linajes relacionados de abejas de la familia Apidae (Anthophorini, Centridini, Eucerini), mientras que en otros las estructuras estuvieron ausentes (Xylocopinae, Nomadinae). De manera relevante las estucturas yuxtaocelares se hallan apomórficamente ausentes en todas las otras tribus de abejas con corbícula (Bombini, Meliponini, Apini, Electrobombini, Electrapini y Melikertini), lo cual concuerda con hipótesis filogenéticas actuales para este grupo.StichwörterApoidea, Anthophila, comparative morphology, Euceriti, Apiti, phylogeny.A new morphological structure is described and figured for orchid bees (Apinae: Euglossini). These minute features are located posterolateral to the ocelli and are termed “juxtocellar structures”. The diversity of their form across Euglossini is described. Homologous structures were found in some related lineages of apid bees (e.g., Anthophorini, Centridini, Eucerini) while in others the structures were absent (e.g., Xylocopinae, Nomadinae). Most notably juxtocellar structures are apomorphically lost in all other corbiculate apine tribes (i.e., Bombini, Meliponini, Apini, Electrobombini, Electrapini, and Melikertini), a pattern which is in accordance with current phylogenetic hypotheses for the clade.ResumenSe describe e ilustra una estructura morfológica nueva para abejas de las orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini). Estas diminutas estructuras, aquí nombradas “estructuras yuxtaocelares”, se ubican posterolateralmente a los ocelos. Se describe la diversidad de su forma dentro de Euglossini. Estructuras homólogas fueron encontradas en algunos linajes relacionados de abejas de la familia Apidae (Anthophorini, Centridini, Eucerini), mientras que en otros las estructuras estuvieron ausentes (Xylocopinae, Nomadinae). De manera relevante las estucturas yuxtaocelares se hallan apomórficamente ausentes en todas las otras tribus de abejas con corbícula (Bombini, Meliponini, Apini, Electrobombini, Electrapini y Melikertini), lo cual concuerda con hipótesis filogenéticas actuales para este grupo.KeywordsApoidea, Anthophila, comparative morphology, Euceriti, Apiti, phylogeny

Two new orchid bees of the subgenus Euglossella from Peru (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Aus Peru werden zwei neue Prachtbienen-Arten der Gattung Euglossa, Subgenus Euglossella, (Apinae: Euglossini) beschrieben und dargestellt. Beide Arten, Euglossa (Euglossella) cosmodora sp. n. wie E. (E.) urarina sp. n., gehören der Euglossella-decorata-Gruppe an (ein Taxon, das oberflächlich an Stachellose Bienen der Gattung Melipona erinnert) und werden sowohl in der Gattung wie gegeneinander charakterisiert.StichwörterApoidea, Anthophila, Apinae, Euglossini, Peru, taxonomy.Nomenklatorische Handlungencosmodora Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, 2007 (Euglossa (Euglossella)), spec. n.urarina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, 2007 (Euglossa (Euglossella)), spec. n.Two new orchid bees of Euglossa subgenus Euglossella (Apinae: Euglossini) are described and figured from Peru. Both Euglossa (Euglossella) cosmodora sp. n. and E. (E.) urarina sp. n. belong to the decorata species group (i.e., the clade superficially resembling stingless bees of the genus Melipona) of Euglossella and are distinguished from their congeners as well as each other.KeywordsApoidea, Anthophila, Apinae, Euglossini, Peru, taxonomy.Nomenclatural Actscosmodora Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, 2007 (Euglossa (Euglossella)), spec. n.urarina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, 2007 (Euglossa (Euglossella)), spec. n

Introducing the Journal of Melittology: An outlet for disseminating bee research and raising melittological awareness

A new journal is introduced, the focus of which is to disseminate the results of research on wild and managed bees, to raise public awareness of bees, and to promote and facilitate international communication and collaboration

Presence of <i>Euglossa</i> (<i>Euglossa</i>) <i>amazonica</i> outside of the Amazon Basin – biogeographic insights

Distributional patterns of euglossine bees are often shadowed by the most noticeablefeatures of the group, their morphology and behavior. With the constant discovery of records ofeuglossine species in novel localities, and the ongoing systematic work in the group, especiallyin Euglossa Latreille, a better picture of the evolution and biogeography of these bees is beingdeveloped. Provided here is an account of new records of Euglossa (Euglossa) amazonica Dressleroutside of the Amazon Basin region are presented along with a brief discussion of distributionalpatterns of the genus in northwestern South America

Introducing the <i>Journal of Melittology</i>: An outlet for disseminating bee research and raising melittological awareness

A new journal is introduced, the focus of which is to disseminate the results of research on wild and managed bees, to raise public awareness of bees, and to promote and facilitate international communication and collaboration

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially