201 research outputs found
The quality of groundwaters in the central wheatbelt of W.A
IN south-western Australia permanent rivers are virtually absent and the larger drainage systems such as the Swan-Avon, Murray and Blackwood, which have their headwaters in inland low rainfall areas, are generally saline
How inferred contagion biases dispositional judgments of others
AbstractDrawing on recent evidence suggesting that beliefs about contagion underlie the market for celebrity-contaminated objects, the current work investigates how people can make biased dispositional judgments about consumers who own such objects. Results from four experiments indicate that when a consumer comes in contact with a celebrity-contaminated object and behaves in a manner that is inconsistent with the traits associated with that celebrity, people tend to make more extreme judgments of them. For instance, if the celebrity excels at a particular task, but the target who has come into contact with the celebrity-contaminated object performs poorly, people reflect more harshly on the target. This occurs because observers implicitly expect that a consumer will behave in a way that is consistent with the traits associated with the source of contamination. Consistent with the law of contagion, these expectations only emerge when contact occurs. Our findings suggest that owning celebrity-contaminated objects signals information about how one might behave in the future, which consequently has social implications for consumers who own such objects
High-dimensional Objective-based Data Farming
In objective-based data farming, decision variables of the Red Team are evolved using evolutionary algorithms such that a series of rigorous Red Team strategies can be generated to assess the Blue Team\u27s operational tactics. Typically, less than 10 decision variables (out of 1000+) are selected by subject matter experts (SMEs) based on their past experience and intuition. While this approach can significantly improve the computing efficiency of the data farming process, it limits the chance of discovering “surprises” and moreover, data farming may be used only to verify SMEs\u27 assumptions. A straightforward solution is simply to evolve all Red Team parameters without any SME involvement. This modification significantly increases the search space and therefore we refer to it as high-dimensional objective-based data farming (HD-OBDF). The potential benefits of HD-OBDF include: possible better performance and information about more important decision variables. In this paper, several state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are applied in HD-OBDF to assess their suitability in terms of convergence speed and Pareto efficiency. Following that, we propose two approaches to identify dominant/key evolvable parameters in HD-OBDF - decision variable coverage and diversity spread
Autonomous Bee Colony Optimization for Multi-objective Function
An Autonomous Bee Colony Optimization (A-BCO) algorithm for solving multi-objective numerical problems is proposed. In contrast with previous Bee Colony algorithms, A-BCO utilizes a diversity-based performance metric to dynamically assess the archive set. This assessment is employed to adapt the bee colony structures and flying patterns. This self-adaptation feature is introduced to optimize the balance between exploration and exploitation during the search process. Moreover, the total number of search iterations is also determined/optimized by A-BCO, according to user pre-specified conditions, during the search process. We evaluate A-BCO upon numerical benchmark problems and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm when compared with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and the latest Multi-objective Bee Colony Algorithm proposed to date
Phenotypic and genetic characteristics associated with Listeria monocytogenes food chain isolates displaying enhanced and diminished cold tolerance
Исследовательская деятельность эколого-биологической направленности в НОУ "Эврика" - эффективное средство профессиональной ориентации учащихся
В статье научно-исследовательская деятельность эколого-биологической направленности старшеклассников НОУ "Эврика" г. Нижнего Новгорода рассматривается как одна из значимых инновационных форм профессионального самоопределения. Материалом исследования послужил анализ программ конференции городского научного общества учащихся "Эврика" и судьбы выпускников данного общества. Отмечена тенденция роста популярности эколого-биологических исследований среди старшеклассников г. Нижнего Новгорода и успешное вхождение в профессию выпускников научного общества учащихся.In the article, the research activity of the ecology and biology of senior pupils of the scientific society of the pupils "Eureka" in Nizhny Novgorod is considered as one of the significant innovative forms of professional self-determination. The material of the study was the analysis of the programs of the conference of the city scientific society of the students "Eureka" and the fate of the graduates of this society. The tendency of growth of popularity of ecological and biological researches among senior pupils of Nizhny Novgorod and successful entry into the profession of graduates of the scientific society of students is noted
The Conley Conjecture and Beyond
This is (mainly) a survey of recent results on the problem of the existence
of infinitely many periodic orbits for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms and Reeb
flows. We focus on the Conley conjecture, proved for a broad class of closed
symplectic manifolds, asserting that under some natural conditions on the
manifold every Hamiltonian diffeomorphism has infinitely many (simple) periodic
orbits. We discuss in detail the established cases of the conjecture and
related results including an analog of the conjecture for Reeb flows, the cases
where the conjecture is known to fail, the question of the generic existence of
infinitely many periodic orbits, and local geometrical conditions that force
the existence of infinitely many periodic orbits. We also show how a recently
established variant of the Conley conjecture for Reeb flows can be applied to
prove the existence of infinitely many periodic orbits of a low-energy charge
in a non-vanishing magnetic field on a surface other than a sphere.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figur
From evolutionary computation to the evolution of things
Evolution has provided a source of inspiration for algorithm designers since the birth of computers. The resulting field, evolutionary computation, has been successful in solving engineering tasks ranging in outlook from the molecular to the astronomical. Today, the field is entering a new phase as evolutionary algorithms that take place in hardware are developed, opening up new avenues towards autonomous machines that can adapt to their environment. We discuss how evolutionary computation compares with natural evolution and what its benefits are relative to other computing approaches, and we introduce the emerging area of artificial evolution in physical systems
Evaluation in artificial intelligence: From task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10462-016-9505-7.The evaluation of artificial intelligence systems and components is crucial for the
progress of the discipline. In this paper we describe and critically assess the different ways
AI systems are evaluated, and the role of components and techniques in these systems. We
first focus on the traditional task-oriented evaluation approach. We identify three kinds of
evaluation: human discrimination, problem benchmarks and peer confrontation. We describe
some of the limitations of the many evaluation schemes and competitions in these three categories,
and follow the progression of some of these tests. We then focus on a less customary
(and challenging) ability-oriented evaluation approach, where a system is characterised by
its (cognitive) abilities, rather than by the tasks it is designed to solve. We discuss several
possibilities: the adaptation of cognitive tests used for humans and animals, the development
of tests derived from algorithmic information theory or more integrated approaches under
the perspective of universal psychometrics. We analyse some evaluation tests from AI that
are better positioned for an ability-oriented evaluation and discuss how their problems and
limitations can possibly be addressed with some of the tools and ideas that appear within
the paper. Finally, we enumerate a series of lessons learnt and generic guidelines to be used
when an AI evaluation scheme is under consideration.I thank the organisers of the AEPIA Summer School On Artificial Intelligence, held in September 2014, for giving me the opportunity to give a lecture on 'AI Evaluation'. This paper was born out of and evolved through that lecture. The information about many benchmarks and competitions discussed in this paper have been contrasted with information from and discussions with many people: M. Bedia, A. Cangelosi, C. Dimitrakakis, I. GarcIa-Varea, Katja Hofmann, W. Langdon, E. Messina, S. Mueller, M. Siebers and C. Soares. Figure 4 is courtesy of F. Martinez-Plumed. Finally, I thank the anonymous reviewers, whose comments have helped to significantly improve the balance and coverage of the paper. This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MINECO under Grants TIN 2013-45732-C4-1-P, TIN 2015-69175-C4-1-R and by Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII2015/013.José Hernández-Orallo (2016). 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