Dynamics of Child Marriage in Suku Anak Dalam Community

This paper aims to explain the dynamics of child marriage and its impact on the Suku Anak Dalam community. This research uses observation, interview, and documentation methods, in which researchers directly go to the field to observe and interview perpetrators of early marriages and tribal chiefs. The results of the study show that the Suku Anak Dalam community has its own rules and traditions regarding the appropriate age limit for marriage and does not include provisions in the law that have been positive. This tradition is a way of measuring the maturity of the bride and groom. According to the Suku Anak Dalam, men can get married if they can earn a living through skill tests in hunting animals or are suitable for farming. At the same time, women are considered adults if they have menstruated. Child marriage is generally a tradition passed down from generation to generation and is an unwritten legal system in society. This practice is a form of neglect regarding women's rights in domestic life, which impacts divorce, physical health, malnutrition, and marriage administration. Several factors, including tradition, arranged marriages/endogamous marriages, economics, promiscuity, and gender inequality, cause this child marriage

Imla’ Errors in Junior High School Students’ Writing: Criticism of Teacher's Pronunciation Error

The number of errors that occur in students' Arabic wordswriting was one of the strongest reasons for researchers to research and analyze students' mistakes in writing Arabic. The teacher's unclear pronunciation can be one of the biggest factors in the occurrence of errors in students' Arabic writing. The researcher aimed to find out and analyze the errors and the various causal factors in writing student disclaimers. A qualitative descriptive research method was used in the research. Then, observation, interviews and documentation were carried our as data collection at junior boarding school in Yogyakarta. In the data analysis, data reduction, data presentation and data verification were used. Based on the data collected and analyzed, it was found that there was a teacher's pronunciationerrors in the dictation that causederrors in students’ writing which was described as follows; 1) the teacher's makhorijul hurufare not fluent and clear, 2) they are not careful in pronouncing vowels and mad (long and short rules), 3) the pronunciation of alif lam qomariyah and syamsiyah is not clear. From the results of this analysis, it can be proven that the pronunciation of a teacher in conveying dictation lessons greatly influences the results of students' writing dictation. This study providesd suggestions for teachers who will deliver dictation lessons

Universitas Pertamina Starting Act (UPSTRACT) 3.0 Sebagai Edukasi Pengelolaan dan Pengolahan Limbah Padat

Permasalahan sampah di lingkungan kampus menjadi salah satu tantangan. Upaya pengendalian dampak lingkungan tidak terlepas dari bagaimana cara pengolahan sampah. Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Pertamina melaksanakan rangkaian kegiatan UPSTRACT 3.0 (Universitas Pertamina Starting Act 3.0) dengan tema Solid Waste Treatment for Sustainable Cities and Communities untuk mengendalikan dampak lingkungan negatif yang mungkin terjadi. Tujuan dilakukan kegiatan ini adalah untuk kepedulian terutama warga Kampus Universitas Pertamina terhadap pengolahan sampah Rangkaian kegitan ini yaitu lomba inovasi teknologi, -pemaparan mesin pencacah plastik dan pemaparan redesain TPS, dan talk show pengolahan sampah. Tingginya tingkat inovasi lingkungan yang terukur dalam kegiatan ini berkorelasi dengan tingginya kepedulian warga kampus terhadap pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan oleh sampa

Quantitative roughness characterization of non-gaussian random rough surfaces by ultrasonic method using pitch-catch and pulse-echo configurations

Fundamental study to quantitatively evaluate not only the root-mean-square (rms) roughness Rq but also skewness Rsk of non-Gaussian random rough surfaces by ultrasonic method is presented. In this work, Johnson distribution together with Kirchhoff theory have been employed to derive a newly proposed Johnson characteristic function, which provides a theoretical relationship among ultrasonic reflection coefficient, Rq and Rsk. Based on the characteristics of such relationship, an effective ultrasonic measurement method consisting of a pitch-catch and a pulse-echo configuration to quantitatively characterize Rq and Rsk has been proposed. A general guideline for such characterization method has also been suggested. The validation of the proposed method has then been conducted numerically in the case of an air-coupled ultrasound. Good agreements between the numerically estimated Rq and Rsk and the corresponding reference values thus confirm the validity of the proposed metho

Bangunan Sultan Idris Shah, JAIS / Muhammad Amir Farhan Zulkafli ... [et al.]

This project report entitled to “Integrated Final Project” with a case study, Bangunan Sultan Idris Shah. The aim of this assignment is to learn the maintenance management of an existing building which is Bangunan Sultan Idris Shah. The study includes cleaning services, building elements, infrastructure works, landscaping works, mechanical and electrical works, defects and financial. In addition, the process of identifying the maintenance management strength and theweakness of the team for managing the building thoroughly. Every details needed such as the building backgrounds and team backgrounds were collected through interviewing with the officers. Secondary data are based on the reports and documents given by the officers. There are numerous tools used to indicate the data such as cash flow statement or schedule statement. Charts and table used for better understanding. In summary, Bangunan Sultan Idris Shah is using traditional methods in certain part because they find is easier to handle. Furthermore, there are common defects that can be find such as leaking and dampness. The primary income source is from the state

Unveiling Limestone Orchid Hotspots in the Karst Hills of Northern Peninsular Malaysia

To date, documentation of the diversity of orchids from the limestone hills in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kedah and Perak, is still lacking, with limited literature available. There is indeed an urgent need to fill this knowledge gap, so that proper documentation of the diversity of orchids from this unique karst habitat can be prepared. In this study, a series of 12 months of diversity assessments on five limestone hills in Kedah and Perak has resulted in the discovery of 56 orchid species from 37 genera. From this account, 12 species are new records within Kedah and 2 species are new records within Malaysia, namely Bulbophyllum meson J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel and Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) Blume. Three species are endemic to Peninsular Malaysia which are Anoectochilus sanguineus P.T.Ong & P.O’Byrne, Cheirostylis goldschmidtiana Schltr. and Phalaenopsis appendiculata Carr. Findings of two keystone species, the long-lost Cheirostylis goldschmidtiana and the endangered snow-white slipper orchid, Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein, have catalyzed the need for a more comprehensive study to unveil the species richness and endemism within a limestone habitat. Heat maps using geographical data produced from ArcGIS software have enabled precise determination of the areas with the highest concentration of orchid diversity. Results from this study have shown that Gunung Fakir Terbang houses the greatest number of orchid species, followed by Gunung Batu Putih and Gunung Baling. Meanwhile, lower species occurrences were recorded from Gunung Pulai and Gunung Pong. However, lack of attention and delayed conservation action on this unique karst habitat would only lead to more habitat loss, leading to the decline of limestone orchid populations. Orchids as well as other plants are threatened by anthropogenic activity such as quarrying and forest clearing for agriculture. Thus, the results of this study will serve as baseline data for future work in documenting and conserving limestone orchids and their karst habitat in northern Peninsular Malaysia