Photography for the Veterinarian

Photography also provides the professional medical individual, in this case the veterinarian, with an additional recording system. It allows him to adequately record and demonstrate important patient progress (the classical before and after sequence). It provides him with visual emphasis to support written and verbal reports of selected medical-surgical cases

Duality Invariant M-theory: Gauged supergravities and Scherk-Schwarz reductions

We consider the reduction of the duality invariant approach to M-theory by a U-duality group valued Scherk-Schwarz twist. The result is to produce potentials for gauged supergravities that are normally associated with non-geometric compactifications. The local symmetry reduces to gauge transformations with the gaugings exactly matching those of the embedding tensor approach to gauged supergravity. Importantly, this approach now includes a nontrivial dependence of the fields on the extra coordinates of the extended space.Comment: 22 pages Latex; v2: typos corrected and references adde

E7(7) formulation of N=2 backgrounds

In this paper we reformulate N=2 supergravity backgrounds arising in type II string theory in terms of quantities transforming under the U-duality group E7(7). In particular we combine the Ramond--Ramond scalar degrees of freedom together with the O(6,6) pure spinors which govern the Neveu-Schwarz sector by considering an extended version of generalised geometry. We give E7(7)-invariant expressions for the Kahler and hyperkahler potentials describing the moduli space of vector and hypermultiplets, demonstrating that both correspond to standard E7(7) coset spaces. We also find E7(7) expressions for the Killing prepotentials defining the scalar potential, and discuss the equations governing N=1 vacua in this formalism.Comment: 40 pages, final version to appear in JHE

SUSY Ward identities, superamplitudes and counterterms

Ward identities of SUSY and R-symmetry relate n -point amplitudes in supersymmetric theories. We review recent work in which these Ward identities are solved in ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/44/45/454009/jpa389327ieqn1.gif] {{\cal N}=4} SYM and ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/44/45/454009/jpa389327ieqn2.gif] {{\cal N}=8} supergravity. The solution, valid at both tree and loop level, expresses any N K MHV superamplitude in terms of a basis of ordinary amplitudes. Basis amplitudes are classified by semi-standard tableaux of rectangular ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/44/45/454009/jpa389327ieqn3.gif] {{\cal N}} _ K Young diagrams. The SUSY Ward identities also impose constraints on the matrix elements of candidate ultraviolet counterterms in ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/44/45/454009/jpa389327ieqn4.gif] {{\cal N}=8} supergravity, and they can be studied using superamplitude basis expansions. This leads to a novel and quite comprehensive matrix element approach to counterterms, which we also review.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90831/1/1751-8121_44_45_454009.pd

What Difference Does a Visit Make? Changes in Animal Welfare Perceptions after Interested Citizens Tour a Dairy Farm

Citizens’ concerns about farm animal welfare are often dismissed on the assumption that they are not well informed about farming practices. We conducted exploratory surveys of interested citizens (n = 50) before and after a self-guided tour of a 500-head dairy farm. ‘Before’ survey questions explored perceptions, concerns, and values about dairy cattle farming and welfare, in addition to a short knowledge-based quiz on dairy cattle husbandry. An ‘after’ survey explored the extent to which these constructs shifted after the tour. Before, most participants correctly answered quiz questions about general feeding and housing practices, but scores were low on questions about specific practices such as cow-calf separation. Participants considered several elements as necessary for a ‘good’ life for dairy cattle: fresh food and water, pasture access, gentle handling, space, shelter, hygiene, fresh air and sunshine, social companions, absence of stress, health, and safety from predators. These elements reflect a diverse conception of animal welfare that incorporates values for physical and mental well-being, natural living, and humane care. The visit had a mixed effect on perceptions of whether dairy cows had a ‘good’ life, improving perceptions for a quarter of participants, worsening perceptions in a third, with no shift in the remaining participants. The visit appeared to mitigate some concerns (e.g., provision of adequate food and water, gentle humane care) while reinforcing or eliciting others (e.g., lack of pasture access, early cow-calf separation). Moreover, animal welfare-relevant values held by participants (e.g., natural living, care) appeared to play an important role in influencing perceptions of farm practices. These results suggest that education and exposure to livestock farming may resolve certain concerns, but other concerns will likely persist, especially when practices conflict with deeply held values around animal care

The anatomy of the larynx of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, and its sound-producing functions

This study describes the morphology of the laryngeal apparatus in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) with respect to respiration, deglutition, and vocalization. We also examined the intrinsic cricoarytenothyroid muscle (Musculus (M.) diverticuli laryngei) which forms the laryngeal diverticulum, to ascertain its interactions with the laryngeal cartilages during respiration and sound production. Five fetal larynges and four from adult whales were studied using noninvasive imaging, as well as macroscopic and microscopic techniques. The larynx extends from the skull base into the thoracic inlet. The dorsally curved laryngeal stalk, supported by epiglottis and the corniculate processes of arytenoid cartilages, is situated within the nasopharynx. The epiglottic cartilage exhibits a prominent medial ridge. The arytenoid cartilages are rod-shaped, and extend through the laryngeal cavity. The thyroid cartilage possesses a prominent caudal horn with a fibrous articulation to the ventrally incomplete cricoid cartilage. The M. thyroepiglotticus forms the connection between epiglottic and thyroid cartilages. The M. cricothyroideus lateralis connects the caudal horn of the thyroid cartilage with the cricoid cartilage and the M. cricothyroideus medialis connects the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. An extensive laryngeal diverticulum (Diverticulum laryngis), formed by the laryngeal mucosa and M. diverticuli laryngei, is positioned caudo-ventral to the laryngeal vestibule. The mucosa thickens into a fold medial to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. Experiments with airflow combined with histological and anatomical evidence strongly suggest a sound producing function for these (vocal) folds. This analysis provides the first account of sound producing structures and function in bowhead whales

Self-Reported Mobile Health-Based Risk Factor and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc-Score Assessment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: TeleCheck-AF Results

IntroductionThe TeleCheck-AF approach is an on-demand mobile health (mHealth) infrastructure incorporating mobile app-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring through teleconsultation. We evaluated feasibility and accuracy of self-reported mHealth-based AF risk factors and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc-score in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients managed within this approach. Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients from eight international TeleCheck-AF centers were asked to complete an app-based 10-item questionnaire related to risk factors, associated conditions and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc-score components. Patient's medical history was retrieved from electronic health records (EHR). ResultsAmong 994 patients, 954 (96%) patients (38% female, median age 65 years) completed the questionnaire and were included in this analysis. The accuracy of self-reported assessment was highest for pacemaker and anticoagulation treatment and lowest for heart failure and arrhythmias. Patients who knew that AF increases the stroke risk, more often had a 100% or >= 80% correlation between EHR- and app-based results compared to those who did not know (27 vs. 14% or 84 vs. 77%, P = 0.001). Thromboembolic events were more often reported in app (vs. EHR) in all countries, whereas higher self-reported hypertension and anticoagulant treatment were observed in Germany and heart failure in the Netherlands. If the app-based questionnaire alone was used for clinical decision-making on anticoagulation initiation, 26% of patients would have been undertreated and 6.1%-overtreated. ConclusionSelf-reported mHealth-based assessment of AF risk factors is feasible. It shows high accuracy of pacemaker and anticoagulation treatment, nevertheless, displays limited accuracy for some of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc-score components. Direct health care professional assessment of risk factors remains indispensable to ensure high quality clinical-decision making