Can my mechanic fix blue cars? A discussion of health clinician\u27s interactions with Aboriginal Australian clients

We expect our professional mechanics to ‘diagnose’ and \u27treat\u27 our cars irrespective of colour, but are we expecting less from our health professionals? There is an increasing focus in the literature on health practitioner decision-making and its influence on the nature and quality of health care. In this article we explore how the basic diagnostic and therapeutic skills that health care practitioners have should be utilised equitably for all clients and propose ways this might be realised. Could the development of Indigenous specific curricula be teaching our medical students to think that Aboriginal patients are different from the norm? We conclude that despite the gains in introducing more comprehensive Aboriginal health curricula there remains considerable work to be done before we can be confident that we are ensuring that health practitioners are no longer contributing to health disparities

Ground Water Monitoring Project for Arkansas, Phase III

This report is composed of two parts. The first part is an interpretation of the pesticide and nitrate data collected in Woodruff County based on samples collected during 1994. Because there is an indication that there were hydrological differences between 1994 and 1995, and because most of the pesticide data is from 1994, this interpretive portion is restricted to 1994 data. Six wells initially sampled in 1994 that contained pesticides had continuing contamination in re-sampling in 1994 and 1995. Part II lists a seventh well in Woodruff County that contained pesticides in February and May of 199

Listeriolysin S, a Novel Peptide Haemolysin Associated with a Subset of Lineage I Listeria monocytogenes

peer-reviewedStreptolysin S (SLS) is a bacteriocin-like haemolytic and cytotoxic virulence factor that plays a key role in the virulence of Group A Streptococcus (GAS), the causative agent of pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although it has long been thought that SLS and related peptides are produced by GAS and related streptococci only, there is evidence to suggest that a number of the most notorious Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus, produce related peptides. The distribution of the L. monocytogenes cluster is particularly noteworthy in that it is found exclusively among a subset of lineage I strains; i.e., those responsible for the majority of outbreaks of listeriosis. Expression of these genes results in the production of a haemolytic and cytotoxic factor, designated Listeriolysin S, which contributes to virulence of the pathogen as assessed by murine- and human polymorphonuclear neutrophil–based studies. Thus, in the process of establishing the existence of an extended family of SLS-like modified virulence peptides (MVPs), the genetic basis for the enhanced virulence of a proportion of lineage I L. monocytogenes may have been revealed.Work is funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan, through a Science Foundation Ireland Investigator award to CH, PR and PC (06/IN.1/B98)

Controls on Floc Size in a Continental Shelf Bottom Boundary Layer

Simultaneous in situ observations of floc size, waves, and currents in a continental shelf bottom boundary layer do not support generally accepted functional relationships between turbulence and floc size in the sea. In September and October 1996 and January 1997, two tripods were deployed in 70 m of water on the continental shelf south of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. On one a camera photographed particles in suspension 1.2 m above the bottom that had equivalent circular diameters larger than 250 um, and on the other, three horizontally displaced acoustic current meters measured flow velocity 0.35 m above the bottom. The tripods were separated by ~ 150 m. Typically, maximal floc diameter stayed relatively constant, around 1 mm, and it showed a dependence on turbulence parameters that was significantly weaker than that predicted by any model that assumes that turbulence-induced stresses limit floc size. Occasionally, when waves and currents generated intense near-bed turbulence, flocs were destroyed. These precipitous decreases in maximal floc size also were not predicted by conventional models. The correlation in time between episodes of floc destruction and elevated combined wave current stresses provides the first quantitative support for the hypothesis that floc size throughout bottom boundary layers can be controlled by breakup in the intensely sheared near-bed region. These observations demand a reassessment of the forces limiting floc size in the sea, and they indicate the potential for significant simplifying assumptions in models of floc dynamics

Advantages and limitations to the use of optical measurements to study sediment properties

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Boss, E., Sherwood, C. R., Hill, P., & Milligan, T. Advantages and limitations to the use of optical measurements to study sediment properties. Applied Sciences-Basel, 8(12), (2018):2692, doi:10.3390/app8122692.Measurements of optical properties have been used for decades to study particle distributions in the ocean. They are useful for estimating suspended mass concentration as well as particle-related properties such as size, composition, packing (particle porosity or density), and settling velocity. Measurements of optical properties are, however, biased, as certain particles, because of their size, composition, shape, or packing, contribute to a specific property more than others. Here, we study this issue both theoretically and practically, and we examine different optical properties collected simultaneously in a bottom boundary layer to highlight the utility of such measurements. We show that the biases we are likely to encounter using different optical properties can aid our studies of suspended sediment. In particular, we investigate inferences of settling velocity from vertical profiles of optical measurements, finding that the effects of aggregation dynamics can seldom be ignored.This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the United States Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The unique instrument platform and data acquisition system was designed and built by technical staff lead by Marinna Martini at the United States Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. This team was also responsible for deployment and recovery of the instrumentation. We thank the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) MVCO staff for support during this experiment, and we thank the captains and crews of the R/V Connecticut and the R/V Tioga. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. This paper has benefited significantly from insightful comments from D. Stramski, A. Aretxabaleta and two anonymous reviewers

Charge order at the frontier between the molecular and solid states in Ba3NaRu2O9

We show that the valence electrons of Ba3NaRu2O9, which has a quasi-molecular structure, completely crystallize below 210 K. Using an extended Hubbard model, we show that the charge ordering instability results from long-range Coulomb interactions. However, orbital ordering, metal-metal bonding and formation of a partial spin gap enforce the magnitude of the charge separation. The striped charge order and frustrated hcp lattice of Ru2O9 dimers lead to competition with a quasi-degenerate charge-melted phase under photo-excitation at low temperature. Our results establish a broad class of simple metal oxides as models for emergent phenomena at the border between the molecular and solid states.Comment: Minor changes, with supporting information. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Promoting environmental management in very small businesses through “Green Angels” in a local collaborative partnership: a case study from Brighton, England

This paper describes the results of the East Brighton Employment and Environment Centre (EBEEC), a 15 month URBAN project, promoting environmental management to very small businesses in east Brighton, England. Some 31 volunteers, termed `Green Angels`, were trained in waste minimisation at the University of Brighton, and provided practical support to local firms through site reviews and research. The EBEEC project provided information and support to some 600 SMEs in east Brighton, via newsletters, email, telephone helpline, seminars and other projects. The Project was managed by a collaborative partnership formed from regional as well as local organisations. The involvement of a University to train potential `Green Angels`, so as to support SMEs in an area designated for economic regeneration, was an innovative and successful method of providing environmental management support to small firms. To stimulate the uptake of environmental management, case study material based on Best Practice was produced and disseminated to local companies via an Internet Site. A CD-Rom containing the Green Angel training package has been produced to help other projects like this. The outcomes from this Project will inform the regional and potentially the national approach to providing environmental business support and advice via local collaborative partnerships containing Universities

Near collapse of the meridional SST gradient in the eastern equatorial Pacific during Heinrich Stadial 1

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 28 (2013): 663–674, doi:10.1002/2013PA002499.Sea surface temperatures (SST) and inorganic continental input over the last 25,000 years (25 ka) are reconstructed in the far eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) based on three cores stretching from the equatorial front (~0.01°N, ME0005-24JC) into the cold tongue region (~3.6°S; TR163-31P and V19-30). We revisit previously published alkenone-derived SST records for these sites and present a revised chronology for V19-30. Inorganic continental input is quantified at all three sites based on 230Th-normalized fluxes of the long-lived continental isotope thorium-232 and interpreted to be largely dust. Our data show a very weak meridional (cross-equatorial) SST gradient during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 18–15 ka B.P.) and high dust input along with peak export production at and north of the equator. These findings are corroborated by an Earth system model experiment for HS1 that simulates intensified northeasterly trade winds in the EEP, stronger equatorial upwelling, and surface cooling. Furthermore, the related southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during HS1 is also indicative of drier conditions in the typical source regions for dust.This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada and the National Science Foundation (NSF), USA. A. Timmermann and T. Friedrich were supported by NSF grant 1010869.2014-05-2