34 research outputs found
Hunting Darwins Counterpart: Tracing the Exaptation Phenomenon in IS Research
The repurposing of problem-solving artifacts is an efficient way to innovate. Originating in evolutional theory, exaptation – the repurposing of an existing trait – gained recently attention in IS research due to the generative and malleable characteristics of digital technologies. Notwithstanding, research on this theoretical construct in IS research is scarce, while the innovation and economics literature already adapted the theory to, e.g., explain and predict disruptive market behaviors. With a scoping literature review, this paper pursues to draw a comprehensive picture of the current state of research of exaptation in IS research. Through an analysis of 46 publications, we could structure the field, derive three valuable contributions for the general exaptation theory and outline a future research agenda provide orientation and inspiration for further exaptation research in the digital and organizational context
A Cognitive Conveyor for Digital Innovation - Definition and Conceptualization of the Digital Mindset
Notwithstanding the ubiquitous notion of the ‘digital mindset’ as a central way of thinking in digitalization, the literature lacks an unambiguous and integrative definition that allows further conceptualization of the phenomenon in a detailed manner. This paper defines and conceptualizes the digital mindset in a digital innovation context by an integration of different psychological perspectives and systematic analysis of digital innovation literature, cross-validated through an inductive expert survey (n=50). As a result, a coherent definition and conceptualization with 11 thinking patterns contribute to the research of the human side of digitalization and pave the way for future research avenues. Concluding our work, we highlight overlaps and draw parallels to related theoretical IS concepts and link our results to extant findings of IS research
Affordance Perception Through a Digital Mindset: A Dual Process Theory Perspective
As digital technologies offer increasingly open and flexible affordances, organizations must understand how employees discover and utilize them to maximize their potential. While prior research has shown that technology-specific traits can impact affordance per-ception, we propose that affordance perception is affected by an individual’s general digi-tal mindset, which in turn determines how individuals make sense of pervasive digital technologies. Drawing on the dual process theory of human cognition and established af-fordance categories (canonical and non-canonical), we conducted a four-phase online experiment involving 189 users of Microsoft PowerPoint. Our study, which used an implicit association tests, a sorting approach, and a survey, revealed that an individual’s digital mindset significantly influences unconscious and conscious perceptions of non-canonical affordances but not canonical ones. We contribute by extending the affordance theory in IS, indicating that affordance perception can be seen as dual processes dependent on in-dividual traits
The Role of IT Identity and Paradoxes in Explaining Avoidance Strategies
The increasing use of technology in personal and professional environments has led to the development of an information technology (IT) identity, which describes the extent to which individuals view IT as integral to their sense of self. Further, technology paradoxes describe the contradictory nature of IT, which can lead to behavioral disengagement, causing significant disruptions in enterprise digitization. Thus, this study develops a theory-based model to explore the interplay between IT identity and technology paradoxes and their effects on behavioral disengagement. The findings reveal that IT identity mitigates the perception of technology paradoxes and impacts behavioral disengagement. We contribute to literature by quantifying and validating their effects and suggesting opportunities for future research. That way, practitioners can develop more effective strategies for promoting engagement and addressing disengagement among employees or users
CFHTLenS: Co-evolution of galaxies and their dark matter haloes
Galaxy-galaxy weak lensing is a direct probe of the mean matter distribution
around galaxies. The depth and sky coverage of the CFHT Legacy Survey yield
statistically significant galaxy halo mass measurements over a much wider range
of stellar masses ( to ) and redshifts () than previous weak lensing studies. At redshift , the
stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR) reaches a maximum of percent as a
function of halo mass at . We find, for the first
time from weak lensing alone, evidence for significant evolution in the SHMR:
the peak ratio falls as a function of cosmic time from percent at
to percent at , and shifts to lower
stellar mass haloes. These evolutionary trends are dominated by red galaxies,
and are consistent with a model in which the stellar mass above which star
formation is quenched "downsizes" with cosmic time. In contrast, the SHMR of
blue, star-forming galaxies is well-fit by a power law that does not evolve
with time. This suggests that blue galaxies form stars at a rate that is
balanced with their dark matter accretion in such a way that they evolve along
the SHMR locus. The redshift dependence of the SHMR can be used to constrain
the evolution of the galaxy population over cosmic time.Comment: 18 pages, MNRAS, in pres
CFHTLenS: A Weak Lensing Shear Analysis of the 3D-Matched-Filter Galaxy Clusters
We present the cluster mass-richness scaling relation calibrated by a weak
lensing analysis of >18000 galaxy cluster candidates in the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). Detected using the
3D-Matched-Filter cluster-finder of Milkeraitis et al., these cluster
candidates span a wide range of masses, from the small group scale up to
, and redshifts 0.2 0.9. The total
significance of the stacked shear measurement amounts to 54. We compare
cluster masses determined using weak lensing shear and magnification, finding
the measurements in individual richness bins to yield 1 compatibility,
but with magnification estimates biased low. This first direct mass comparison
yields important insights for improving the systematics handling of future
lensing magnification work. In addition, we confirm analyses that suggest
cluster miscentring has an important effect on the observed 3D-MF halo
profiles, and we quantify this by fitting for projected cluster centroid
offsets, which are typically 0.4 arcmin. We bin the cluster candidates
as a function of redshift, finding similar cluster masses and richness across
the full range up to 0.9. We measure the 3D-MF mass-richness scaling
relation . We find a normalization , and a logarithmic slope of
, both of which are in 1 agreement with results
from the magnification analysis. We find no evidence for a redshift-dependence
of the normalization. The CFHTLenS 3D-MF cluster catalogue is now available at
cfhtlens.org.Comment: 3D-MF cluster catalog is NOW AVAILABLE at cfhtlens.org.
Magnification-shear mass comparison in Figure 10. 19 pages, 10 figures.
Accepted to MNRA
CFHTLenS: Weak lensing constraints on the ellipticity of galaxy-scale matter haloes and the galaxy-halo misalignment
We present weak lensing constraints on the ellipticity of galaxy-scale matter
haloes and the galaxy-halo misalignment. Using data from the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), we measure the
weighted-average ratio of the aligned projected ellipticity components of
galaxy matter haloes and their embedded galaxies, , split by
galaxy type. We then compare our observations to measurements taken from the
Millennium Simulation, assuming different models of galaxy-halo misalignment.
Using the Millennium Simulation we verify that the statistical estimator used
removes contamination from cosmic shear. We also detect an additional signal in
the simulation, which we interpret as the impact of intrinsic shape-shear
alignments between the lenses and their large-scale structure environment.
These alignments are likely to have caused some of the previous observational
constraints on to be biased high. From CFHTLenS we find
for early-type galaxies, which is consistent with
current models for the galaxy-halo misalignment predicting . For late-type galaxies we measure
from CFHTLenS. This can be compared to the simulated results which yield
for misaligned late-type models.Comment: 21 pages, 3 tables, 9 figures. This replacement matches the version
accepted for publication in MNRA
CFHTLenS tomographic weak lensing: Quantifying accurate redshift distributions
The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) comprises deep
multi-colour (u*g'r'i'z') photometry spanning 154 square degrees, with accurate
photometric redshifts and shape measurements. We demonstrate that the redshift
probability distribution function summed over galaxies provides an accurate
representation of the galaxy redshift distribution accounting for random and
catastrophic errors for galaxies with best fitting photometric redshifts z_p <
1.3.
We present cosmological constraints using tomographic weak gravitational
lensing by large-scale structure. We use two broad redshift bins 0.5 < z_p <=
0.85 and 0.85 < z_p <= 1.3 free of intrinsic alignment contamination, and
measure the shear correlation function on angular scales in the range ~1-40
arcmin. We show that the problematic redshift scaling of the shear signal,
found in previous CFHTLS data analyses, does not afflict the CFHTLenS data. For
a flat Lambda-CDM model and a fixed matter density Omega_m=0.27, we find the
normalisation of the matter power spectrum sigma_8=0.771 \pm 0.041. When
combined with cosmic microwave background data (WMAP7), baryon acoustic
oscillation data (BOSS), and a prior on the Hubble constant from the HST
distance ladder, we find that CFHTLenS improves the precision of the fully
marginalised parameter estimates by an average factor of 1.5-2. Combining our
results with the above cosmological probes, we find Omega_m=0.2762 \pm 0.0074
and sigma_8=0.802 \pm 0.013.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRA
CFHTLenS: a weak lensing shear analysis of the 3D-Matched-Filter galaxy clusters
We present the cluster mass-richness scaling relation calibrated by a weak lensing analysis of ≳ 18000 galaxy cluster candidates in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). Detected using the 3D-Matched-Filter (MF) cluster-finder of Milkeraitis etal., these cluster candidates span a wide range of masses, from the small group scale up to∼1015 M⊙, and redshifts 0.2≲z≲0.9. The total significance of the stacked shear measurement amounts to 54σ. We compare cluster masses determined using weak lensing shear and magnification, finding the measurements in individual richness bins to yield 1σ compatibility, but with magnification estimates biased low. This first direct mass comparison yields important insights for improving the systematics handling of future lensing magnification work. In addition, we confirm analyses that suggest cluster miscentring has an important effect on the observed 3D-MF halo profiles, and we quantify this by fitting for projected cluster centroid offsets, which are typically∼0.4arcmin. We bin the cluster candidates as a function of redshift, finding similar cluster masses and richness across the full range up to z∼0.9. We measure the 3D-MF mass-richness scaling relation M200=M0(N200/20)β. We find a normalization , and a logarithmic slope of β∼1.4±0.1, both of which are in 1σ agreement with results from the magnification analysis. We find no evidence for a redshift dependence of the normalization. The CFHTLenS 3D-MF cluster catalogue is now available at cfhtlens.or