Distribuição geográfica potencial de praga de café no clima futuro: avaliação da metodologia de modelagem climática.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto potencial da mudança climática sobre a distribuição espacial do bicho-mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella) da cultura de café em função da modelagem climática adotada. As projeções dos modelos climáticos globais (GCMs) do IPCC constituem a melhor indicação de como o clima se alterará em resposta às pressões antrópicas. Como as projeções climáticas têm mostrado que os padrões de precipitação e de temperatura vão continuar a mudar tanto no espaço como no tempo, é provável que os organismos influenciados pelo clima sejam afetados. Uma base de dados climáticos, utilizando um Sistema de Informações Geográficas, foi estruturada para o período de 1961-1990, com dados observados obtidos do Climate Research Unit, e para dois conjuntos de projeções do clima futuro, obtidos dos modelos do Terceiro (TAR) e do Quarto (AR4) Relatórios do IPCC, para os períodos de 2020, 2050 e 2080, do cenário A2 de emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Por meio de modelo para previsão do número de gerações do bicho-mineiro foram elaborados mapas mensais e anuais de distribuição geográfica. Os mapas obtidos do futuro demonstram uma tendência de aumento na infestação para ambos os Relatórios, com maior número de gerações anuais previsto pelo AR4

小腸壁欠損に対する漿膜パッチの基礎的研究: 小腸粘膜の再生を中心として

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1114号, 学位授与年月日：平成2年12月19日,学位授与年：199

Unnatural imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base pairs: selective incorporation and extension reaction by Deep Vent (exo− ) DNA polymerase

In our previous communication we reported the enzymatic recognition of unnatural imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine (Im:Na) base pairs, i.e. ImON:NaNO and ImNO:NaON, using the Klenow fragment exo− [KF (exo−)]. We describe herein the successful results of (i) improved enzymatic recognition for ImNO:NaON base pairs and (ii) further primer extension reactions after the Im:Na base pairs by Deep Vent DNA polymerase exo− [Deep Vent (exo−)]. Since KF (exo−) did not catalyze primer extension reactions after the Im:Na base pair, we carried out a screening of DNA polymerases to promote the primer extension reaction as well as to improve the selectivity of base pair recognition. As a result, a family B DNA polymerase, especially Deep Vent (exo−), seemed most promising for this purpose. In the ImON:NaNO base pair, incorporation of NaNOTP against ImON in the template was preferable to that of the natural dNTPs, while incorporation of dATP as well as dGTP competed with that of ImONTP when NaNO was placed in the template. Thus, the selectivity of base pair recognition by Deep Vent (exo−) was less than that by KF (exo−) in the case of the ImON:NaNO base pair. On the other hand, incorporation of NaONTP against ImNO in the template and that of ImNOTP against NaON were both quite selective. Thus, the selectivity of base pair recognition was improved by Deep Vent (exo−) in the ImNO:NaON base pair. Moreover, this enzyme catalyzed further primer extension reactions after the ImNO:NaON base pair to afford a faithful replicate, which was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as well as the kinetics data for extension fidelity next to the ImNO:NaON base pair. The results presented in this paper revealed that the ImNO:NaON base pair might be a third base pair beyond the Watson–Crick base pairs

Uso de modelos lineares generalizados para estimar germinação carpogênica de escleródios de S. sclerotioroum.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum é um fungo que tem causado epidemias de mofo branco em diversas regiões do país. Apotécios, produzidos através da germinação carpogênica de escleródios são considerados o inóculo inicial da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de previsão para produção de apotécios em laboratório, determinando as relações entre temperatura do solo (10, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 25 e 30º C), umidade do solo (61, 68, 75, 82, 89, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115 e 120 % da capacidade de campo, CC) e escleródios germinados. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, com arranjo fatorial 8 x 11 e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por 20 escleródios dispostos sobre 150g de solo, em embalagens de plástico transparente de 500g. Foi ajustado um modelo de linear generalizado com função de ligação logística (?logit?), considerando a distribuição binomial (regressão logística) para estimar a probabilidade de germinação de escleródios em função da umidade e da temperatura do solo. A qualidade do ajuste foi avaliada pela ?deviance?, correlações entre valores observados e preditos pelo modelo e pelo padrão gráfico dos resíduos. Apesar da forte evidência de efeito dos preditores linear e quadrático para ambos os fatores, o modelo proposto apresentou qualidade de ajuste regular, o que indica necessidade de melhoria. Segundo esse modelo, condições de temperatura entre 15° e 17°C e umidades próximas de 100% CC são mais favoráveis à germinação de escleródios, em condições de ambiente controlado

粒子シミュレーションによる磁気圏コーラスエミッションの発生機構の研究

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第1080号，学位授与年月日：平成21年3月23

Functional ultrasound reveals effects of MRI acoustic noise on brain function

Loud acoustic noise from the scanner during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can affect functional connectivity (FC) observed in the resting state, but the exact effect of the MRI acoustic noise on resting state FC is not well understood. Functional ultrasound (fUS) is a neuroimaging method that visualizes brain activity based on relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), a similar neurovascular coupling response to that measured by fMRI, but without the audible acoustic noise. In this study, we investigated the effects of different acoustic noise levels (silent, 80 dB, and 110 dB) on FC by measuring resting state fUS (rsfUS) in awake mice in an environment similar to fMRI measurement. Then, we compared the results to those of resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) conducted using an 11.7 Tesla scanner. RsfUS experiments revealed a significant reduction in FC between the retrosplenial dysgranular and auditory cortexes (0.56 ± 0.07 at silence vs 0.05 ± 0.05 at 110 dB, p=.01) and a significant increase in FC anticorrelation between the infralimbic and motor cortexes (−0.21 ± 0.08 at silence vs −0.47 ± 0.04 at 110 dB, p=.017) as acoustic noise increased from silence to 80 dB and 110 dB, with increased consistency of FC patterns between rsfUS and rsfMRI being found with the louder noise conditions. Event-related auditory stimulation experiments using fUS showed strong positive rCBV changes (16.5% ± 2.9% at 110 dB) in the auditory cortex, and negative rCBV changes (−6.7% ± 0.8% at 110 dB) in the motor cortex, both being constituents of the brain network that was altered by the presence of acoustic noise in the resting state experiments. Anticorrelation between constituent brain regions of the default mode network (such as the infralimbic cortex) and those of task-positive sensorimotor networks (such as the motor cortex) is known to be an important feature of brain network antagonism, and has been studied as a biological marker of brain disfunction and disease. This study suggests that attention should be paid to the acoustic noise level when using rsfMRI to evaluate the anticorrelation between the default mode network and task-positive sensorimotor network.journal articl

Particle Simulation of the Generation of Plasmaspheric Hiss

We have conducted a one‐dimensional electromagnetic particle simulation with a parabolic magnetic field to reproduce whistler‐mode hiss emissions in the plasmasphere. We assume a bi‐Maxwellian distribution with temperature anisotropy for energetic electrons injected into the plasmasphere and find that hiss emissions are generated with spectrum characteristics typical of those observed by spacecraft near the magnetic equator. The hiss emissions contain fine structures involving rising tone and falling tone elements with variation in frequencies. The amplitude profile of the spectra agrees with the optimum wave amplitude derived from the nonlinear wave growth theory. The simulation demonstrates that hiss emissions are generated locally near the magnetic equator through linear and nonlinear interactions with energetic electrons with temperature anisotropy. The coherent hiss emissions efficiently scatter resonant electrons of 2.5–80 keV into the loss cone

Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth

Measurements from ground-based magnetometers and riometers at auroral latitudes have demonstrated that energetic (~30-300keV) electron precipitation can be modulated in the presence of magnetic field oscillations at ultra-low frequencies. It has previously been proposed that an ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave would modulate field and plasma properties near the equatorial plane, thus modifying the growth rates of whistler-mode waves. In turn, the resulting whistler-mode waves would mediate the pitch-angle scattering of electrons resulting in ionospheric precipitation. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis by quantifying the changes to the linear growth rate expected due to a slow change in the local magnetic field strength for parameters typical of the equatorial region around 6.6RE radial distance. To constrain our study, we determine the largest possible ULF wave amplitudes from measurements of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. Using nearly ten years of observations from two satellites, we demonstrate that the variation in magnetic field strength due to oscillations at 2mHz does not exceed ±10% of the background field. Modifications to the plasma density and temperature anisotropy are estimated using idealised models. For low temperature anisotropy, there is little change in the whistler-mode growth rates even for the largest ULF wave amplitude. Only for large temperature anisotropies can whistler-mode growth rates be modulated sufficiently to account for the changes in electron precipitation measured by riometers at auroral latitudes