PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD HATTA TENTANG EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengenai pemikiran Muhammad Hatta tentang Ekonomi Kerakyatan ditinjau dari perspektif Islam. Perhatian Muhammad Hatta terhadap rakyat miskin yang tertindas dan teraniaya oleh struktur sosial, mendorong beliau untuk melahirkan pemikiran-pemikirannya yang berpihak kepada rakyat yang teraniaya. Salah satu dari pemikiran Muhammad Hatta yang pro-kerakyatan adalah tentang bagaimana mempersatukan rakyat miskin di Indonesia dalam pengembangan usaha koperasi yang berbasis kekeluargaan, supaya mereka bisa bekerja sama dalam meningkatkan taraf perekonomiannya. Adapun permasalahan yang dirumuskan dalam skripsi ini adalah, pertama, bagaimana pemikiran Muhammad Hatta tentang ekonomi kerakyatan?; kedua, bagaimana tinjauan Islam terhadap ekonomi kerakyatan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemikiran Muhammad Hatta tentang ekonomi kerakyatannya (konsep koperasi) dan mengetahui sejauh mana paralelitas/kesejalanan antara pemikiran Muhammad Hatta dengan ajaran Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian library research (penelitian pustaka), yaitu penelitian yang bersumberkan pada studi kepustakaan, dengan mengkaji buku-buku yang ada untuk mencari penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai permasalahan yang akan diteliti. Dalam hal ini, sumber data yang akan digunakan dibagi menjadi dua yaitu, sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dan pembahasan, maka untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang pertama dapat disimpulkan: (1). Menurut Hatta, hal yang dianggap penting dalam upaya mengentaskan kemiskinan rakyat Indonesia adalah dalam segi “kerjasama ekonomi”; (2). Hatta berpandangan bahwa dasar ekonomi rakyat mestilah usaha bersama yang dikerjakan secara kekeluargaan yang maksudnya ialah koperasi; (3). Pendirian koperasi ditujukan untuk membantu rakyat miskin dalam pemenuhan kebutuhannya, seperti memberikan harga murah serta melindungi rakyat dari kecurangan yang dilakukan oleh sebagian pelaku ekonomi; (4). Koperasi didirikan berdasarkan atas dua semangat, yaitu: Semangat Individualitet (kesadaran akan harga diri) dan Semangat Solidaritet (kebersamaan/gotong royong); (5). Faktor yang menjadi penyebab kemiskinan rakyat Indonesia pada saat itu diantaranya: pertama, Perekonomian dengan produksi besar di kuasai oleh bangsa asing (produksi industri, produksi perkebunan, ekspor-impor dll); kedua, Usaha rakyat bergerak hanya dalam skala kecil (sebagai buruh kecil, petani kecil, pegawai kecil, kuli dll); ketiga, Banyaknya rakyat miskin yang terjerat oleh rentenir, karena disebabkan oleh keterbatasan modal yang dimiliki masyarakat sehingga dengan terpaksa mereka harus meminjam tambahan modal kepada para “lintah darat”; keempat, Lemahnya daya beli masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya; kelima,Adanya pelaku ekonomi yang memonopoli harga pasar. Sedangkan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang kedua, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, hal-hal yang telah di bahas dalam penelitian ini menunjukan adanya keserasian antara konsep koperasi dengan ajaran Islam, hal ini terlihat dengan adanya nilai-nilai ajaran Islam yang terdapat dalam koperasi yang meliputi, nilai saling tolong menolong, tanggung jawab, keadilan, kekeluargaan, kesejahteraan dan kemerdekaan

PERSPEKTIF PENALARAN OPERASI FORMAL-POST FORMAL MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM

Penelitan deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa terkait praktikum penalaran operasi formal-post formal dalam mata kuliah praktikum yang sudah dilaksanakan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 19 mahasiswa pendidikan biologi angkatan 2017/2018 pada semester 5 di UMMI yang sudah mengontrak mata kuliah praktikum Biologi Umum, Zoologi Invertebrata, dan Vertebrata. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar angket dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan antara tanggapan dosen dan mahasiswa terkait penalaran operasi formal-post formal. Mahasiswa beranggapan penalaran operasi formal-post formal hampir semuanya sudah dilatihkan dalam pembelajaran praktikum. Sementara itu, dosen beranggapan bahwa tidak semua penalaran operasi formal-post formal dilatihkan dalam pembelajaran praktikum. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya melatihkan kembali penalaran operasi formal-post formal secara optima

Using Integrated Assessment Level of Inquiry (LoI) in Developing Formal-Post Formal Operating Reasoning Prospective Teachers

Understanding of 21st century learning is a demand for teachers as a pedagogical framework in the learning process. Schools must also implement competencies not only focusing on mastering the content of the main subjects, but also academic content at a higher level. In general, science learning in the classroom emphasizes practical work rather than involving students in the thinking process. The ability to reason can have important educational implications. The need for developing important competencies for 21st century learning outcomes through various types of reasoning that are appropriate to the situation. This study aims to determine the use of the Level of Inquiry (LoI) integrated assessment of the formal-post-formal operational reasoning possessed by prospective teacher students. The research sample used included 24 students who contracted invertebrate zoology practicum lectures for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The research instrument used in the form of 14 questions of formal-post-formal operational reasoning and observation sheets. The results showed that the use of the LoI integrated assessment had a significant effect in developing formal-post-formal operational reasoning. Students have different formal-post-formal reasoning on each indicator. The indicator of the highest formal-post-formal operational reasoning of students is in proportional reasoning and the lowest is in metasystematic reasoning

Identification of Formal-Post Formal Reasoning Prospective Biology Teachers on Three Aspects of Courses

This descriptive study aims to determine the reasoning of the formal-post formal operations of biology teacher candidates in three aspects of lectures. The research sample consisted of 76 students who took part in the 2019/2020 academic year lectures which were taken using the purposive technique. The sample consisted of 29 students in the General Biology practicum subject, 24 students in the invertebrates practicum subject, and 23 students in the vertebrate zoology practicum subject. The data was collected through a test technique using formal-post-formal operational reasoning questions that were developed by themselves and had met the constructive and empirical valid criteria. Data analysis regarding the level of formal-post formal operational reasoning was carried out using the percentage correct score technique obtained for each item so that the correct score was obtained from all students. The results showed that there was a difference in the percentage level of formal-post formal operational reasoning for each level of student lectures. The highest to the lowest level of reasoning was obtained by students who took the vertebrates zoology practicum course by 67%, invertebrates zoology practicum by 67%, and general biology practicum by 17%. Also, students' formal operational reasoning in each subject tends to be lower when compared to their post-formal operational reasoning. The most common indicators of formal reasoning among the three aspects of the lecture are proportional reasoning, and indicators that are lacking are probabilistic and correlational

Using Integrated Assessment Level of Inquiry (LoI) in Developing Formal-Post Formal Operating Reasoning Prospective Teachers

Understanding of 21st century learning is a demand for teachers as a pedagogical framework in the learning process. Schools must also implement competencies not only focusing on mastering the content of the main subjects, but also academic content at a higher level. In general, science learning in the classroom emphasizes practical work rather than involving students in the thinking process. The ability to reason can have important educational implications. The need for developing important competencies for 21st century learning outcomes through various types of reasoning that are appropriate to the situation. This study aims to determine the use of the Level of Inquiry (LoI) integrated assessment of the formal-post-formal operational reasoning possessed by prospective teacher students. The research sample used included 24 students who contracted invertebrate zoology practicum lectures for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The research instrument used in the form of 14 questions of formal-post-formal operational reasoning and observation sheets. The results showed that the use of the LoI integrated assessment had a significant effect in developing formal-post-formal operational reasoning. Students have different formal-post-formal reasoning on each indicator. The indicator of the highest formal-post-formal operational reasoning of students is in proportional reasoning and the lowest is in metasystematic reasoning

The PPCD1 Mouse: Characterization of a Mouse Model for Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy and Identification of a Candidate Gene

The PPCD1 mouse, a spontaneous mutant that arose in our mouse colony, is characterized by an enlarged anterior chamber resulting from metaplasia of the corneal endothelium and blockage of the iridocorneal angle by epithelialized corneal endothelial cells. The presence of stratified multilayered corneal endothelial cells with abnormal patterns of cytokeratin expression are remarkably similar to those observed in human posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) and the sporadic condition, iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Affected eyes exhibit epithelialized corneal endothelial cells, with inappropriate cytokeratin expression and proliferation over the iridocorneal angle and posterior cornea. We have termed this the “mouse PPCD1” phenotype and mapped the mouse locus for this phenotype, designated “Ppcd1”, to a 6.1 Mbp interval on Chromosome 2, which is syntenic to the human Chromosome 20 PPCD1 interval. Inheritance of the mouse PPCD1 phenotype is autosomal dominant, with complete penetrance on the sensitive DBA/2J background and decreased penetrance on the C57BL/6J background. Comparative genome hybridization has identified a hemizygous 78 Kbp duplication in the mapped interval. The endpoints of the duplication are located in positions that disrupt the genes Csrp2bp and 6330439K17Rik and lead to duplication of the pseudogene LOC100043552. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR indicates that expression levels of Csrp2bp and 6330439K17Rik are decreased in eyes of PPCD1 mice. Based on the observations of decreased gene expression levels, association with ZEB1-related pathways, and the report of corneal opacities in Csrp2bptm1a(KOMP)Wtsi heterozygotes and embryonic lethality in nulls, we postulate that duplication of the 78 Kbp segment leading to haploinsufficiency of Csrp2bp is responsible for the mouse PPCD1 phenotype. Similarly, CSRP2BP haploinsufficiency may lead to human PPCD

How land use/land cover changes can affect water, flooding and sedimentation in a tropical watershed: a case study using distributed modeling in the Upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia

[EN] Human activity has produced severe LULC changes within the Upper Citarum watershed and these changes are predicted to continue in the future. With an increase in population parallel to a 141% increment in urban areas, a reduction of rice fields and the replacement of forests with cultivations have been found in the past. Accordingly, LCM model was used to forecast the LULC in 2029. A distributed model called TETIS was implemented in the Upper Citarum watershed to assess the impact of the different historical and future LULC scenarios on its water and sediment cycles. This model was calibrated and validated with different LULCs. For the implementation of the sediment sub-model, it was crucial to use the bathymetric information of the reservoir located at the catchment's outlet. Deforestation and urbanization have been shown to be the most influential factors affecting the alteration of the hydrological and sedimentological processes in the Upper Citarum watershed. The change of LULC decreases evapotranspiration and as a direct consequence, the water yield increased by 15% and 40% during the periods 1994-2014 and 2014-2029, respectively. These increments are caused by the rise of three components in the runoff: overland flow, interflow and base flow. Apart from that, these changes in LULC increased the area of non-tolerable erosion from 412 km(2) in 1994 to 499 km(2) in 2029. The mean sediment yield increased from 3.1 Mton -yr(-1) in the 1994 LULC scenario to 6.7 Mton-yr(-1) in the 2029 LULC scenario. An increment of this magnitude will be catastrophic for the operation of the Saguling Dam.This study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research projects TETISMED (CGL2014-58,127-C3-3-R) and TETISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B-I00). The authors are also thankful to the Directorate General of Higher Education of Indonesia (DIKTI) for the Ph.D. funding of the first author.Siswanto, SY.; Francés, F. (2019). How land use/land cover changes can affect water, flooding and sedimentation in a tropical watershed: a case study using distributed modeling in the Upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia. Environmental Earth Sciences. 78(17):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8561-0S115781

ANALISIS MANAJEMEN KONSTRUKSI PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG RSUD ARJAWINANGUN

ABSTRAKManajemen proyek merupakan proses terpadu dimana individu-individu sebagai bagian dari organisasi di libatkan untuk memelihara, mengembangkan, mengendalikan, dan menjalan kan program dengan menggunakan sumber daya terbatas secara efisien, efektif dan tepat waktu dalam menyelesaikan suatu proyek yang telah di rencanakan, yang kesemuanya di arahkan pada sasaran yang telah di tetapkan dan berlangsung terus menerus seiring berjalannya waktu.Penelitian ini di lakukan untuk menganalisa manajemen konstruksi peencanaan pembangunan RSUD Arjawinangun mulai dari menghitung volume, Rencana Anggaran Biaya, Metode Barchart, Kurva S, Metode Critical Path Method dan Metode Cash Flow. Tujuan di capai melalui studi literature, pengumulan data-data teknis dan peninjauan data berupa gambar bestek.Hasil penelitian Menunjukan Bahwa Rencana Anggaran Biaya yang di keluarkan untuk pembangunan satu unit Gedung RSUD Arjawinangun sebesar Rp. 6.295.668.802,42 Kemudian dengan menggunakan Analisa Critichal Path Method penyelesaian pekerjaan membutuhkan waktu 138 hari. Kata Kunci : Manajemen Proyek, Barchart, Kurva S, Critical Path Method, dan Cash Flow. ABSTRACTProject management is the integrated process that the individuals as a part of organization to be involved to raise, develop, manage and operate the programme using the limited resources efficiently, effectively and timeliness to solve the project that has been in the plan,  that all of them on point at the target that had been on set and lasted continuously over time.This research did to analyzed the management of planning construction development in RSUD Arjawinangun ranging from count the volume, detailed budget fee,  Barchart method, S curve,  Critical Path Method and Cash Flow method.The aims in accomplished through literature study, collecting the technical data and review of the data in the form of a picture bestek.The results of this research refers that Detailed Budget fee in issued to the development one unit of  RSUD Arjawinangun Rp. 6.295.668.802,42 Then using analyse Critichal Path Method settlement work takes 138 days. Keyword : Project Management, Barchart, Curva S, Critical Path Method, and Cash Flow