La crisis agraria de 1802-1806 en la provincia de Toledo a través de los precios del trigo

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Evolutionary Dynamics in Gene Networks and Inference Algorithms

Dynamical interactions among sets of genes (and their products) regulate developmental processes and some dynamical diseases, like cancer. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are directed networks that define interactions (links) among different genes/proteins involved in such processes. Genetic regulation can be modified during the time course of the process, which may imply changes in the nodes activity that leads the system from a specific state to a different one at a later time (dynamics). How the GRN modifies its topology, to properly drive a developmental process, and how this regulation was acquired across evolution are questions that the evolutionary dynamics of gene networks tackles. In the present work we review important methodology in the field and highlight the combination of these methods with evolutionary algorithms. In recent years, this combination has become a powerful tool to fit models with the increasingly available experimental data.Junta de Andalucía FQM-12

Core regulatory network motif underlies the ocellar complex patterning in Drosophila melanogaster

During organogenesis, developmental programs governed by Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) define the functionality, size and shape of the different constituents of living organisms. Robustness, thus, is an essential characteristic that GRNs need to fulfill in order to maintain viability and reproducibility in a species. In the present work we analyze the robustness of the patterning for the ocellar complex formation in Drosophila melanogaster fly. We have systematically pruned the GRN that drives the development of this visual system to obtain the minimum pathway able to satisfy this pattern. We found that the mechanism underlying the patterning obeys to the dynamics of a 3-nodes network motif with a double negative feedback loop fed by a morphogenetic gradient that triggers the inhibition in a French flag problem fashion. A Boolean modeling of the GRN confirms robustness in the patterning mechanism showing the same result for different network complexity levels. Interestingly, the network provides a steady state solution in the interocellar part of the patterning and an oscillatory regime in the ocelli. This theoretical result predicts that the ocellar pattern may underlie oscillatory dynamics in its genetic regulation.Junta de Andalucía FQM-122España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MICINN / MINECOFondos Federales BFU2012-34324Consolider Ingenio-2010 CSD 2007-00

A Hh-driven gene network controls specification, pattern and size of the Drosophila simple eyes

During development, extracellular signaling molecules interact with intracellular gene networks to control the specification, pattern and size of organs. One such signaling molecule is Hedgehog (Hh). Hh is known to act as a morphogen, instructing different fates depending on the distance to its source. However, how Hh, when signaling across a cell field, impacts organ-specific transcriptional networks is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate this issue during the development of the Drosophila ocellar complex. The development of this sensory structure, which is composed of three simple eyes (or ocelli) located at the vertices of a triangular patch of cuticle on the dorsal head, depends on Hh signaling and on the definition of three domains: two areas of eya and so expression - the prospective anterior and posterior ocelli - and the intervening interocellar domain. Our results highlight the role of the homeodomain transcription factor engrailed (en) both as a target and as a transcriptional repressor of hh signaling in the prospective interocellar region. Furthermore, we identify a requirement for the Notch pathway in the establishment of en maintenance in a Hh-independent manner. Therefore, hh signals transiently during the specification of the interocellar domain, with en being required here for hh signaling attenuation. Computational analysis further suggests that this network design confers robustness to signaling noise and constrains phenotypic variation. In summary, using genetics and modeling we have expanded the ocellar gene network to explain how the interaction between the Hh gradient and this gene network results in the generation of stable mutually exclusive gene expression domains. In addition, we discuss some general implications our model may have in some Hh-driven gene networks.Ministerio de Ciencias e Innovacion BFU2009-07044 FIS2008-04120Junta de Andalucía CVI 265

Licencias Creative Commons

Actualmente todos entendemos la necesidad de tener nuestros libros antiguos, esos pequeños tesoros, celosamente cuidados y guardados, pero accesibles a todo el mundo a través de su digitalización y difusión en alguna plataforma web. La exposición pública de estos objetos digitales no significa que cualquier persona o empresa pueda utilizarlos libremente, sin ninguna restricción. Partimos de que el fondo antiguo no se somete a las leyes de la propiedad intelectual, sin embargo, el resultado de su digitalización sí es propiedad de la institución que la realiza. Por consiguiente los derechos de la institución sobre estos objetos digitales deben quedar claramente reflejados no solo dentro del propio objeto sino también en la plataforma donde se expongan. Nuestra institución apuesta por el uso de la licencia Creative Commons “Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada”.Currently we all agree about the need to have our old books, those little treasures, jealously cared for and kept, but at the same time accessible to everyone through their digitization and dissemination using some World Wide Web service. However public access to these digital records does not mean that anyone could use them freely without restrictions of any kind. Although the manuscripts and early printed books we are dealing with are not bound by the laws of intellectual property, the digitized versions of those are owned by the performing institution. Therefore the rights of the institution on these digital objects must be clearly reflected not only within the object itself but also on the site where they are exposed. Our institution is committed to using the Creative Commons license "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs"

Dissemination of bibliographic heritage: Creative Commons licensees

Actualmente todos entendemos la necesidad de tener nuestros libros antiguos, esos pequeños tesoros, celosamente cuidados y guardados, pero accesibles a todo el mundo a través de su digitalización y difusión en alguna plataforma web. La exposición pública de estos objetos digitales no significa que cualquier persona o empresa pueda utilizarlos libremente, sin ninguna restricción. Partimos de que el fondo antiguo no se somete a las leyes de la propiedad intelectual, sin embargo, el resultado de su digitalización sí es propiedad de la institución que la realiza. Por consiguiente los derechos de la institución sobre estos objetos digitales deben quedar claramente reflejados no solo dentro del propio objeto sino también en la plataforma donde se expongan. Nuestra institución apuesta por el uso de la licencia Creative Commons “Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada”. La exposición pública de estos objetos digitales no significa que cualquier persona o empresa pueda utilizarlos libremente, sin ninguna restricción. Partimos de que el fondo antiguo no se somete a las leyes de la propiedad intelectual, sin embargo, el resultado de su digitalización sí es propiedad de la institución que la realiza. Por consiguiente los derechos de la institución sobre estos objetos digitales deben quedar claramente reflejados no solo dentro del propio objeto sino también en la plataforma donde se expongan.Currently we all agree about the need to have our old books, those little treasures, jealously cared for and kept, but at the same time accessible to everyone through their digitization and dissemination using some World Wide Web service. However public access to these digital records does not mean that anyone could use them freely without restrictions of any kind. Currently we all agree about the need to have our old books, those little treasures, jealously cared for and kept, but at the same time accessible to everyone through their digitization and dissemination using some World Wide Web service. However public access to these digital records does not mean that anyone could use them freely without restrictions of any kind. Although the manuscripts and early printed books we are dealing with are not bound by the laws of intellectual property, the digitized versions of those are owned by the performing institution. Therefore the rights of the institution on these digital objects must be clearly reflected not only within the object itself but also on the site where they are exposed. Our institution is committed to using the Creative Commons license "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs"

Reliability and Validity Evidence of Scores on the French Version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents

This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the French version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) in a sample of 957 adolescents (48.5% boys) ranging in age from 11 to 18 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.85). A principal axis factoring (PAF) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to determine the fit of the factor structure of scores on the QIDA. PAF and CFA replicated the previously identified correlated five-factor structure of the QIDA: Assertiveness, Heterosexual Relationships, Public Speaking, Family Relationships, and Close Friendships. The QIDA yielded acceptable reliability scores for French adolescents. Validity evidence of QIDA was also established through correlations with scores on the School Anxiety Inventory and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Most of the correlations were positive and exceeded the established criteria of statistical significance, but the magnitude of these varied according to the scales of the QIDA. Results supported the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the French version of the QIDA

Bartonella Endocarditis in Spain: Case Reports of 21 Cases

Endocarditis por Bartonella; Endocarditis infecciosaBartonella endocarditis; Infective endocarditisEndocarditis per Bartonella; Endocarditis infecciosaBlood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) is frequent in infective endocarditis (IE). One of the causes of BCNE is fastidious microorganisms, such as Bartonella spp. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with Bartonella IE from the “Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis infecciosa en España (GAMES)”cohort. Here we presented 21 cases of Bartonella IE. This represents 0.3% of a total of 5590 cases and 2% of the BCNE from the GAMES cohort. 62% were due to Bartonella henselae and 38% to Bartonella quintana. Cardiac failure was the main presenting form (61.5% in B. hensalae, 87.5% in B. quintana IE) and the aortic valve was affected in 85% of the cases (76% in B. henselae, 100% in B. quintana IE). Typical signs such as fever were recorded in less than 40% of patients. Echocardiography showed vegetations in 92% and 100% of the patients with B. henselae and B. quintana, respectively. Culture was positive only in one patient and the remaining were diagnosed by serology and PCR. PCR was the most useful tool allowing for diagnosis in 16 patients (100% of the studied valves). Serology, at titers recommended by guidelines, only coincided with PCR in 52.4%. Antimicrobial therapy, in different combinations, was used in all cases. Surgery was performed in 76% of the patients. No in-hospital mortality was observed. One-year mortality was 9.4%. This article remarks the importance for investigating the presence of Bartonella infection as causative agent in all BCNE since the diagnosis needs specific microbiological tools and patients could benefit of a specific treatment