Correlation of Osteocalcin and Fetuin-A levels with Renal Function and Other Biomarkers in CKD patients from Baghdad

Background: This investigation aims to determine if a correlation existed between the levels of Osteocalcin, Fetuin-A, and other biochemical markers in patients with CKD compared to healthy.Methods: One hundred eighty samples divided into 120 (CKD) patients in end-stage divided into 70 males and 50 females, and 60 healthy controls 35 males and 25 females were taken between November 2022 and March 2023 from three major hospitals in Baghdad. diagnosed using symptoms, biochemical testing, history, and clinical examination by specialized nephrologists. Urea, creatinine, calcium, albumin, and phosphate were measured by spectrophotometer (Roche Cobas C111). Furthermore, a spectrophotometer (Beckman coulter au480) was used to measure sodium and potassium levels. On the other hand, vitamin D3 level and PTH were measured by spectrophotometer (Roche Cobas E411). Moreover, Osteocalcin and Fetuin-A were done by ELISA technique.Results: The present study found that the male patients are more than females, and the highest percentage of CKD cases were found in the age group of 50-59 years. also, indicates a strong positive correlation between the levels of Fetuin-A and GFR. while a strong negative correlation between the levels of Fetuin-A with creatinine, urea, and Osteocalcin, moreover, a strong negative correlation between the level of Osteocalcin with GFR and Fetuin-A. The study also found a strong positive correlation between the levels of Osteocalcin with urea and creatinine.Conclusion: Decreased Fetuin-A concentrations have been linked to increased calcification in the vasculature and mortality, increased Osteocalcin levels in CKD may not confer a protective effect against bone disorders.

The Impact of Innovation on the Quality of Education Provided by Training Centres

The world is changing and pushing toward the improvement of the educational system which is moving forward with technology. This change in the educational system should be accompanied with the continual assurance of providing a quality of education service by the educational organization. Education could be provided by universities, schools and vocational schools or other academic institutions. One of the education service providers is the professional development training centres. Although a lot of research papers tackled the quality of education, however very little research discussed the quality of training services provided by training centres. This article attempts to specify the ten innovation parameters that could affect the quality of education and the business model in the training centres. It also shed the light on the quality score that could be used by different stakeholders as a tool to pre-assess the quality educational level provided by the professional development training centres. Keywords: Quality; Education; Innovation, Business model DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-29-07 Publication date:October 31st 202

Prediction of spot welding parameters using fuzzy logic controlling

The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) represents one of the most important welding processes. The resistance spot welding quality depends on the process parameters like welding current, electrode force and welding time and their chosen levels. In this work, the experimental part is validated by the simulation part, where the last will be used later for predicting the results for new data with a very acceptable percentage of accuracy. This study presents an experimental work of the resistance spot welding for two similar sheets of Austenitic Stainless Steels (AISI 304) that are intended to be held together in one point by the pressure of the electrodes, with high magnitude of electrical current to be applied, where the resistance spot welding parameters (welding current and welding time) are changeable to show each of the parameter’s action on the welded material properties (The Maximum Shear Load that the metal can be subject to besides The Nugget Zone Diameter of the welded contact area). The experimental work in this study delivers genuine and important data that will be the basis for the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), which will be set up then. The Artificial Intelligence (which is presented by the fuzzy logic controller) role is to predict the optimal welded material parameters for any given resistance spot welding parameters, and to discover the probability of expulsion, failure, or breaking in the welding process before it takes place or happens, where in this study, the FLC predicted the optimum value of the maximum shear load for RSW, which occurs at the welding time=20 cycle and the welding current=8 KA, while the estimated optimum value of the Nugget Diameter by FLC for RSW is found at welding time=20 cycle and welding current=8 KA.This prediction will save the metal parts and the electrodes of welding, besides saving the cost and the effor

Development a New Intelligent Mobile Robot to Avoid Obstacle

The project is a robot that automatically by passes barriers to reach a specific goal with an ultrasonic help that senses obstacles and measures the remaining transitions before the collision is meet. The robot changes its course with a couple of DC motors, Robot runs automatically without any interference by the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm. The goal of this paper is to develop a path planning method that is capable of planning the mobile robot path from the starting position to the target position in different environments. However, the parameters of membership functions and PID controller parameters have optimized by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In addition to that, the proposed method with two Schemes of motion controllers are test with varying static and dynamic environments with and without load. The artificial potential field algorithm is introduce for path planning of mobile robot. However, the potential field algorithm is effective in avoiding unknown obstacles, but it contains minimal local problems, then a modified field algorithm is introduce to overcome some of the local minimum problems in the environment. Therefore, it is enhancing the performance of potential field algorithm and to produce a more efficient path planning method, that to allow mobile robot to navigate in dynamic and complex environments. As well as, simulation of mobile robot is design to test and implement the proposed method and control schemes using MATLAB and the software is develops by using C++ language and Arduino IDE. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/10-3-03 Publication date: April 30th 201

IL-17 level in patients with acute myocardial infarction and its effect on lipid profile

Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered as the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment, continues to be a major public health problem. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is leukocyte-derived cytokine with effects especially on epithelial cells in various tissues. This study designed to investigate the level of IL-17 and its effect on lipid profile in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. The study included 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction forty healthy subjects as control group. The levels of IL-17 were significantly elevated in all patients groups (p < 0.001), total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in all patients as well.  There was positive correlation between IL-17 with HDL, while there was negative correlation with total cholesterol and LDL. The results show significant increase in levels of IL-17, in acute myocardial infarction patients. IL-17 positively correlated with HDL and negatively correlated with total cholesterol and LDL, which lead to consider it as cardio protective factor

Design, synthesis and in vitro kinetic study of tranexamic acid prodrugs for the treatment of bleeding conditions

Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of several maleamic acid amide derivatives four tranexamic acid prodrugs were designed. The DFT results on the acid catalyzed hydrolysis revealed that the reaction rate-limiting step is determined on the nature of the amine leaving group. When the amine leaving group was a primary amine or tranexamic acid moiety, the tetrahedral intermediate collapse was the rate-limiting step, whereas in the cases by which the amine leaving group was aciclovir or cefuroxime the rate-limiting step was the tetrahedral intermediate formation. The linear correlation between the calculated DFT and experimental rates for N-methylmaleamic acids 1–7 provided a credible basis for designing tranexamic acid prodrugs that have the potential to release the parent drug in a sustained release fashion. For example, based on the calculated B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) rates the predicted t1/2 (a time needed for 50 % of the prodrug to be converted into drug) values for tranexamic acid prodrugs ProD 1–ProD 4 at pH 2 were 556 h [50.5 h as calculated by B3LYP/ 311?G(d,p)] and 6.2 h as calculated by GGA: MPW1K), 253 h, 70 s and 1.7 h, respectively. Kinetic study on the interconversion of the newly synthesized tranexamic acid prodrug ProD 1 revealed that the t1/2 for its conversion to the parent drug was largely affected by the pH of the medium. The experimental t1/2 values in 1 N HCl, buffer pH 2 and buffer pH 5 were 54 min, 23.9 and 270 h, respectively

Prediction of spot welding parameters using fuzzy logic controlling

The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) represents one of the most important welding processes. The resistance spot welding quality depends on the process parameters like welding current, electrode force and welding time and their chosen levels. In this work, the experimental part is validated by the simulation part, where the last will be used later for predicting the results for new data with a very acceptable percentage of accuracy. This study presents an experimental work of the resistance spot welding for two similar sheets of Austenitic Stainless Steels (AISI 304) that are intended to be held together in one point by the pressure of the electrodes, with high magnitude of electrical current to be applied, where the resistance spot welding parameters (welding current and welding time) are changeable to show each of the parameter’s action on the welded material properties (The Maximum Shear Load that the metal can be subject to besides The Nugget Zone Diameter of the welded contact area). The experimental work in this study delivers genuine and important data that will be the basis for the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), which will be set up then. The Artificial Intelligence (which is presented by the fuzzy logic controller) role is to predict the optimal welded material parameters for any given resistance spot welding parameters, and to discover the probability of expulsion, failure, or breaking in the welding process before it takes place or happens, where in this study, the FLC predicted the optimum value of the maximum shear load for RSW, which occurs at the welding time=20 cycle and the welding current=8 KA, while the estimated optimum value of the Nugget Diameter by FLC for RSW is found at welding time=20 cycle and welding current=8 KA.This prediction will save the metal parts and the electrodes of welding, besides saving the cost and the effor

Liver function status in bacterascites versus spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of decompensated cirrhosis, and the in hospital mortality for SBP ranges from 21.3% to 37%.Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical characteristics, microbiological findings, and clinical course in patients diagnosed with bacterascites in comparison with patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, regarding liver status.Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 50 Patients with ascites who were admitted at Internal Medicine Department, Benha University Hospital.Results: There was no significant difference between the two studied groups. There was no significant difference between the two studied groups regarding hemoglobin, total leukocyte count (TLC) and platelets. There was no significant difference between the two studied groups regarding liver parameters. There was a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count. There was a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding positive cultures and prevalence of isolated organisms from the ascitic fluid. There was a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding antimicrobial agents use.Conclusion: Bacterascites is a complication of cirrhosis comparable to SBP with respect to clinical background and prognosis. There is a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding positive cultures and prevalence of isolated organisms from the ascitic fluid. There is a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding antimicrobial agents use

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROLACTIN LEVEL AND THE DURATION OF LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA IN LACTATING SUDANESE WOMEN

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the prolactin (PRL) level and the duration of lactational amenorrhoea in lactating Sudanese women. Methods: Sudanese women (135) from Omdurman area with different ages (18-41 years) and stages of lactation were included, 61 of them participated by giving venous blood samples and filling a questionnaire, while the others by filling the questionnaire only. Pregnant women, contraceptives users, and hypothyroid patients were excluded. The subjects were divided into lactational amenorrhoeic (Group I), and lactating menstruating subjects (Group II). Then each group was subdivided according to the duration of lactation into: - Lactating for six months or less. Lactating for more than six months. Prolactin level was measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: In this study the mean prolactin level in-group I (2934.99 mU/L) was significantly higher compared with group II (707.46 mU/L) (P&lt;0.05). For the duration of lactation, PRL level in the first six months was higher (4414 mU/L), (1506.60 mU/L) in group I, and group II respectively, while this level decreased after six months (1538 mU/L), (517.19 mU/L) for the two groups. Also we found that factors like breast-feeding patterns, utilization of supplementary foods, and the number of parities had a significant effect on the duration of lactational amenorrhoea. Conclusions: There was a positive relationship between PRL level and the duration of lactational amenorrhoea (r=0.39)