Seed production in dianthus (Dianthus plumaris L.) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Seed Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Stigma receptivity, method of pollination and seed production under glass house and field conditions of ten Hammett Dianthus (Dianthus plumaris L.) cultivars were investigated in this study. All of the cultivars had very low or nil receptivity to pollen at the time of flower opening. Stigma receptivity peaked on the third or fourth day after flower opening, and continued until the sixth day after flower opening before declining. However, the period of highest stigma receptivity was not affected by difference in pollen source (i.e. self or cross pollen). All the cultivars produced highly viable pollen, suggesting that this was not a factor to causing low seed set. However, seed production potential was greatly affected by the pollen source; i.e. cultivars showed very high male selectivity. Cv. Crossover for example, produced 65 seeds per flower (57.8 % ovule fertility) in its best crossing combination (Crossover (♀) X Far North (♂), whereas the same culltivar produced only 16.6 seeds per flower (14.8 % ovule fertility) in its poorest crossing combination (Crossover (♀) X Spot On (♂) and 29 seeds per flower ( 26 % of ovule fertility ) following self pollination. Seed production of the ten cultivars under field conditions was very low, and no cultivar produced even a gram of seed per plant. However, hand pollination treatments (both cross and self) under glasshouse conditions produced significantly higher numbers of seeds than natural pollination. Although honey bees, bumble bees, and some flies were observed visiting the field trial, the accepted natural pollinators of Dianthus were not found. The implication of these variables in relation to the potential for commercial Dianthus seed production is discussed

Wald Confidence Intervals for a Single Poisson Parameter and Binomial Misclassification Parameter When the Data is Subject to Misclassification

This thesis is based on a Poisson model that uses both error-free data and error-prone data subject to misclassification in the form of false-negative and false-positive counts. We present maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs), Fisher\u27s Information, and Wald statistics for Poisson rate parameter and the two misclassification parameters. Next, we invert the Wald statistics to get asymptotic confidence intervals for Poisson rate parameter and false-negative rate parameter. The coverage and width properties for various sample size and parameter configurations are studied via a simulation study. Finally, we apply the MLEs and confidence intervals to one real data set and another realistic data set

Isomer Dependence in the Assembly and Lability of Silver(I) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Complexes of the Heteroditopic Ligands, 2-, 3-, and 4-[Di(1\u3cem\u3eH\u3c/em\u3e-pyrazolyl)methyl]phenyl(di-\u3cem\u3ep\u3c/em\u3e-tolyl)phosphine

Three isomers of a new heteroditopic ligand that contains a di(1H-pyrazolyl)methyl (−CHpz2) moiety connected to a di(p-tolyl)phosphine group via a para-, meta-, or ortho-phenylene spacer (pL, mL, and oL, respectively) have been synthesized by using a palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction between HP(p-tolyl)2 and the appropriate isomer of (IC6H4)CHpz2. The 1:1 complexes of silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate, Ag(OTf), were prepared to examine the nature of ligand coordination and the type of supramolecular isomer (monomeric, cyclic oligomeric, or polymeric) that would be obtained. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed that [Ag(pL)](OTf), 1, and [Ag(mL)](OTf), 2, possessed cyclic dimeric dications, whereas [Ag(oL)](OTf), 3, was a coordination polymer. The polymeric chain in 3 could be disrupted by reaction with triphenylphosphine, and the resulting complex, [Ag(oL)(PPh3)](OTf), 4, possessed a monometallic cation where the ligand was bound to silver in a chelating κ2P,N- coordination mode. The solution structures of 1–4 were probed via a combination of IR, variable-temperature multinuclear (1H, 13C, 31P) NMR spectroscopy, as well as by electron spray ionization (ESI)(+) mass spectrometry. A related complex [Ag(m-IC6H4CHpz2)2](OTf), 5, was also prepared, and its solid-state and solution spectroscopic properties were studied for comparison purposes. These studies suggest that the cyclic structures of 1 and 2 are likely preserved but are dynamic in solution at room temperature. Moreover, both 3 and 4 have dynamic solution structures where 3 is likely extensively dissociated in CH3CN or acetone rather than being polymeric as in the solid state

2019 Honors Portfolio

Sincerely, Sarini And just like that, in two-in-a-half-years, I’ve completed my Dietetics degree. What happened? What could have happened in such a short time? When I sat back to think about these questions, I almost wanted to say nothing except the completion of another degree. Upon reflection, a word I’ve realized that I used more often in my time Fontbonne than in any other period of my life, I grew as a person, student, and future-professional. Going back to school was a step towards correcting my broken life. I say broken because prior to coming to Fontbonne, I had completed a four-year biology degree and realized at the end, my heart was not in it. I then reluctantly took a job as a lab technician which only ended up numbing whatever leftover passion and drive I had left. After many arguments about future financial stability, happiness, and a sense of self-worth with my parents, I decided to attend Font bonne University to study dietetics. The TELOS Honors program was another step that helped me to transform, serve, advocate, explore, and lead, not only academically, but also professionally. The art of reflection, and it truly is an art, is one I have yet to perfect, but have made profound steps throughout my involvement with both TELOS and dietetics. A small testament to this statement would be this portfolio which takes a momentary glimpse of my faults, strengths, recollections and interpretations of important educational experiences. You may realize dietetics being threaded throughout each piece, some more apparent than others. This outcome was not my intention but more so a realization of how meaningful my future profession is to me. A typical four year college existence is extremely fast-paced as is, and I was asking for it to be sped up even further with my accelerated graduation deadline. I had carved out a path for myself and was ready to continually take steps towards my ultimate goal of being a dietitian. When looking back at the knowledge I’ve accrued in and outside of the classroom, these ten artifacts are a culmination of learning opportunities that have personally transcended time. I can vividly recall my frustration on why dietitians were not consulted for a documentary about nutrition, how reading about the 2004 tsunami triggered the reopening of a wound, or how learning to face my fears by educating teenage boys about mental health was alarming yet essential. When asked with the question of ‘why these moments?’ I was not sure at first. I was a ball of emotions, but I never took the time to understand why I felt this way. So, I set aside time to really think and reflect on each experience that struck a chord. Throughout this written exercise, I dissected my learning experiences and the emotions attached to them, to better understand them. I have revised, rethought, and reexamined, my growth throughout each artifact and reflection. It is with great pleasure that I received this chance to share this work which has summarized my efforts as a Fontbonne student and TELOS Scholar.https://griffinshare.fontbonne.edu/telos-portfolios-2019/1000/thumbnail.jp

Predation of the glasshouse red spider-mite by Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H

Imperial Users onl

Tanzanian Rule While Zanzibar Plays the Fool? The Invalidity of Zanzibari Unease over Tanzanian Mainland Dominance, 1964–1991

On April 26, 1964, the People’s Republic of Zanzibar merged with the Republic of Tanganyika to form the Tanzanian Union. Yet the circumstances surrounding the formation of this Union and the nature of the Union itself raise several unanswered questions. Indeed, some Zanzibaris fear that their island archipelago has been effectively “taken over” by Tanganyika through the guise of the Union government of the Tanzanian mainland. This manuscript explains how Zanzibari fears over the archipelago’s usurpation have no basis since the current and evolving nature of Zanzibar’s autonomy and legal rights have enabled the islands to become a strong player in the determination of the Tanzanian Union

Mixed Valent Metal Pincer Complexes and Reactivity of Metal Complexes of Extended Pincer Ligands

Historically, the study of mixed valence complexes has been critical for advancing our understanding of electron transfer processes in biological and abiological systems. The recent use of mixed valence complexes in electrochromic materials, and the promise of their use in future technological or molecular electronic applications, has spurred further interest in this class of compound. Previous studies by our research group have shown that gallium(III) or tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes of pincer-type ligands with diarylamido anchors and either pyrazol-1-yl (pz) or diarylphosphino (PAr2) flanking donors are electroactive species with quasi reversible ligand-centered oxidations. Moreover, the one-electron oxidized derivative with pz flankers, [Ga(L)(L+)]2+ was found by both spectroscopic and electrochemical means to be a Robin Day Class II species with weak electronic communication occurring between pincers across the main group metal bridge. Cursory electrochemical studies suggested that stronger interactions occurred on replacing gallium(III) with other metal centers. This dissertation elaborates on these initial, prior, findings by describing more detailed synthetic protocol to various [M(L)2]n+ complexes where M = Ni, Co, Rh, Ir, n = 0-3 (depending on M), and where L has different organic groups decorating the periphery. Electrochemical measurements and in-depth spectroscopic analyses of oxidized and reduced forms of the complexes were used to better quantify the effects of metal and ligand substitution on their electronic properties including the extent of electronic communication in mixed valence derivatives. Another goal of the work was to prepare in multimetallic pincer complexes via both covalent and self-assembly approaches and study their electronic properties. Thus, the preparation and properties of [Re(CO)3]2(-L-L) with dinucleating pincers (L-L) is described. Initial successes and difficulties with the preparation and characterization of coordination networks based on these pincers and those with different Lewis donors at the para- aryl position are outlined next. Finally, ‘Extended Pincers’ (EP), ligands comprised of an N,N’-diarylformamidinate anchor with flanking pz and/or PAr2 ortho-aryl donors were prepared since they should support multimetallic complexes with unusual metal-metal bonds or reactivity due to proximity of the metal centers. Their group 1 and group 11 metal complexes may serve as useful reagents for future chemistry