A first insight into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, assessed by spoligotyping

BACKGROUND: Tanzania has a high tuberculosis incidence, and genotyping studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the country are necessary in order to improve our understanding of the epidemic. Spoligotyping is a potentially powerful genotyping method due to fast generation of genotyping results, high reproducibility and low operation costs. The recently constructed SpolDB4 database and the model-based program 'Spotclust' can be used to assign isolates to families, subfamilies and variants. The results of a study can thus be analyzed in a global context. RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven pulmonary isolates from consecutive tuberculosis patients in Dar es Salaam were spoligotyped. SpolDB4 and 'Spotclust' were used to assign isolates to families, subfamilies and variants. The CAS (37%), LAM (22%) and EAI (17%) families were the most abundant. Despite the dominance of these three families, diversity was high due to variation within M. tuberculosis families. Of the obtained spoligopatterns, 64% were previously unrecorded. CONCLUSION: Spoligotyping is useful to gain an overall understanding of the local TB epidemic. This study demonstrates that the extensive TB epidemic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania is caused by a few successful M. tuberculosis families, dominated by the CAS family. Import of strains was a minor problem

Data from: Geographic differentiation of domesticated einkorn wheat and possible Neolithic migration routes

To analyse the spread of domesticated einkorn into Europe, 136 landraces, 9 wild einkorns and 3 Triticum urartu were fingerprinted by the diversity array technology sequence (DArT-seq) marker technology. The obtained 3455 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers confirmed earlier results about the separation of wild and domesticated einkorn from T. urartu and about the pinpointing of the domesticated forms to the Karacadağ Mountains (Turkey). Further analyses identified two major domesticated landrace einkorn groups, one relating to the Prealpine region and the other to the Maghreb/Iberian region. The previously published four geographical provenance groups were mostly identified in our results. The earlier reported unique position of the Maghreb/Iberia einkorns cannot be confirmed, as the three landrace clusters we identified with STRUCTURE also occur in the remaining einkorn, although at different frequencies. The results are discussed with respect to the spreading of domesticated einkorn into Western Europe and two possible Neolithic migration routes are indicated

Brandolini - dataset - Einkorn Europe

SNP DaRT data of 148 diploid wheat accessions (136 T. monococcum, 9 T. boeoticum and 3 T. urartu

A New Subspecies of Solanum scabrum Miller Found in Uganda

Volume: 16Start Page: 508End Page: 51

Brandolini - List of accessions - Einkorn Europe

List of the accessions tested and their geographical origi

Consultancy on EMBRAPA breeding program for resistance to wheat diseases

26 páginasSe presentan los resultados de la consultoría sobre el Programa de Mejoramiento EMBRAPA para la resistencia de las enfermedades en el trigo

Can Triticum urartu be identified by pollen analysis? Implications for detecting the ancestor of the extinct domesticated two-grained einkorn-like wheat

The domestication of the one-grained einkorn (Triticum monococcum) in the Near East is relatively well-known. However, an independent two-grained einkorn-like domestication has been archaeobotanically detected and scarce information is available. Triticum urartu, a wild wheat, was not fully described until the 1970s because the phenology does not allow distinguishing it easily from wild einkorn (Triticum boeoticum subsp. thaoudar); although a genetic separation exists. Both species are mostly two-grained and could potentially be the relatives of the extinct two-grained form. Pollen grains of several genetically well-identified wheat species, including T. urartu and T. boeoticum subsp. thaoudar, were studied by measuring grain diameters and examining the exine sculpturing throughout phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to gain insights into differences enabling taxonomic identification. This work showed that although T. urartu presents a smaller size on average, grain diameter is not enough due to size overlapping between species, and T. urartu presents a different exine sculpturing (scabrate) from other Triticum species (aerolate). This outcome is useful for taxonomists and archaeobotanists. Firstly, it will allow a simple re-classification of herbarium materials. Secondly, further research could establish whether T. urartu was cultivated