Use of near-infrared spectroscopy for determining the characterization metal ion in aqueous solution

This study uses Aquaphotomics to measure Cadmium (Cd) and Magnesium (Mg) in aqueous solutions by analysing the changes in water spectra that occur due to water-metal interaction. Metals have no absorbance in the NIR spectral range, thus the methods developed so far have focused on detection of metal-organic complexes. Measurements were performed with Cd (II) and Mg(II) in 0.1 M HNO3, in the 680-1090 nm (water second and third overtones) and 1110-1800 nm (water first overtone) spectral regions, and were subjected to partial least-square regression analysis. Metal ions were scanned by NIRSystem 6500 using cuvette cell with 2 mm path length, in three consecutive days. Data for two days were used as data set and the rest of the data were used as prediction set. The calibration and prediction statistics obtained in this study indicated the potential of NIRS to predict metal ions in aqueous 0.1 M HNO3 solution with correlation coefficient (R2pred.0.7). The RPD (residual predictive deviation) or ratio of standard error of prediction to the standard deviation, values were greater than 2, indicating that the model is appropriate for practical use (Cozzolino,2007). By using water matrix coordinates (WAMACS) from regression coefficient, obtained a consistency specific wavelength for each　metal.. These results showed that the PLS model were able to detect character metal ions in the NIR region of electromagnetic spectra with high accuracy even at very low concentrations (0-10 ppm).

Estimasi Kandungan Lemak Pada Biji Kakao Utuh Secara Cepat dan Non-Destruktif dengan Menggunakan Teknologi NIRS

Kandungan lemak merupakan salah satu parameter mutu utama dari kakao. Untuk menentukan lemak kakao, umumnya ditentukan dengan pengukuran standard laboratorium yang pada prosesnya melibatkan bahan kimia, memerlukan waktu yang lama dan bersifat destruktif. Teknologi sinar near infrared (NIR) merupakan metode baru yang bersifat ramah lingkungan, cepat dan tanpa merusak objek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan teknologi sinar NIR untuk estimasi kadar lemak pada biji kakao utuh. Model prediksi dibangun dengan menggunakan dua metode regresi yang berbeda yaitu metode principal component regression (PCR) dan partial least square regression (PLSR). Spektrum NIR pada biji kakao diakuisisi dengan instrument NIR (Antaris Thermo Nicolet®), sedangkan kadar lemak aktual diukur dengan metode Soxhlet. Perbaikan data sinyal spektrum NIR dilakukan dengan metode Mean Normalization (MN). Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa teknologi NIR mampu mengestimasi kadar lemak biji kakao dengan tingkat akurasi: koefisien korelasi r = 0.82 (PCR) dan 0.83 (PLSR), koefisien Residual Predictive Deviation (RPD) = 1.75 (PCR) dan 1.8 (PLSR). Berdasarkan hasil studi dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi sensor berbasis sinar NIR mampu mengestimasi kadar lemak pada biji kakao secara akurat, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan. Teknologi ini dapat diaplikasikan pada proses sortasi dan grading biji kakao utuh.Kata Kunci:  biji kakao, lemak, nirs, plsr, pc

Central composite design applied to purify lemongrass essential oil using vacuum distillation

Vacuum distillation process can be applied for purification of lemongrass essential oil by increasing the concentration of citral in lemongrass essential oil. In this study, the relationship between experimental parameters of purification of lemongrass oil was investigated. The effect of pressure, temperature and pH was examined to determine the best performance of the product yield. CentralComposite Design was applied to optimize the operating parameters of the process. It was found that the product yield of bottom product achieved an optimum level of 98.4% yield at the following reaction conditions, i.e. pressure of 55.9 mbar, temperature of 104.6oC and pH of 4.

Frequency of Use Minute Concentrations of Cadmium in Aqueous Solution by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics

Cadmium (Cd) is a common industrial pollutant with long biological half-life, which makes it a cumulative toxicant. Near-infrared spectroscopy has been successfully used for quick and accurate assessment of Cd content in agricultural materials, but the development of a quick detection method for ground and drinking water samples is of equal importance for pollution monitoring. Metals have no absorbance in the NIR spectral range, thus the methods developed so far have focused on detection of metal-organic complexes. This study uses Aquaphotomics to measure Cd in aqueous solutions by analyzing the changes in water spectra that occur due to water-metal interaction. Measurements were performed with Cd (II) in 0.1 M HNO3, in the 680-1090 nm (water second and third overtones) and 1110-1800 nm (water first overtone) spectral regions, and were subjected to partial least-square regression analysis. A concentration of Cd from 1 mg L-1 to 10 mg L-1 could be predicted by this model with average prediction correlation coefficient of 0.897. The model was tested by perturbations with temperature and other metal presence in the solution. The regression coefficient showed consistent peaks at 728, 752, 770, 780, 1362, 1430,1444, 1472/1474 and 1484 nm under various perturbations, indicating that these water absorbance changes were due to Cd presence. The residual predictive deviation values (RPD) were greater than 2, indicating that the model is appropriate for practical us

Karakterisasi Adsorben dari Kulit Manggis dan Kinerjanya pada Adsorpsi Logam Pb(II) dan Cr(VI) - (Adsorbent Characterization From Mangosteen Peel And Its Adsorption Performance On Pb(II) And Cr(VI))

The USAge of biomass waste-based adsorbent for the adsorption of hazardous metal in wastewater is not only reducing waste but also lowering adsorbent price. This research aims to study the characteristics of adsorbent from mangosteen peel (Garcinia Mangostana L.) and activated charcoal from mangosteen peel, also to compare the adsorption performance on metal ion Pb(II) and Cr(VI). Synthetic wastewater used from a solution of Pb(NO3)2 and K2Cr2O7 with variations in initial concentration of 20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 mg/L. Adsorption performed at pH 5, ratio of adsorbent and waste solution 1/200 (w/v), 60 rpm, 0.5 gs nano-sized adsorbent. Characterization using SEM, FTIR and SEM-EDS showed that both adsorbents characteristics met the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995. The highest adsorption capacity of activated carbon to adsorb Pb(II) and Cr(VI) were 38.543 mg/g and 36.838 mg/g while biosorbent adsorb Pb(II) and Cr(VI) respectively 3.98 mg/g and 36.12 mg/g

Adsorption of Lead Ion in Water Solutions Using Kaolin-Surfactant Modified as Adsorben

Kaolin is one of the natural adsorbent materials. The adsorption ability of kaolin is still low and need to be modified with organic compounds such as surfactants. This research aimed to optimize the lead adsorption in a waste water using modified kaolin. This study modified kaolin adsorben with cationic surfactants which have activated on temperature 300oC during 3 hours in a furnace. The comparison of kaolin and surfactant were 1:0, 1:2, 1:3 and 2:1, respectively while adsorption time were 30, 60 and 90 minute. Lead was used as the artificial waste at a concentration of 100 ppm. The waste from municipal reservoir water storage of Lhokseumawe was used as a benchmark and application. The sample was analyzed by using AAS and characterized by FTIR. The modified adsorben kaolin-surfactan 1:2 gained the highest reduction of efficiency 78% while the lead ion of municipal waste decreased from 4.65 ppm into 2.67 ppm

Use of Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Determining the Characterization Metal Ion in Aqueous Solution

This study uses Aquaphotomics to measure Cadmium (Cd) and Magnesium (Mg) in aqueous solutions by analysing the changes in water spectra that occur due to water-metal interaction. Metals have no absorbance in the NIR spectral range, thus the methods developed so far have focused on detection of metal-organic complexes. Measurements were performed with Cd (II) and Mg(II) in 0.1 M HNO3, in the 680-1090 nm (water second and third overtones) and 1110-1800 nm (water first overtone) spectral regions, and were subjected to partial least-square regression analysis. Metal ions were scanned by NIRSystem 6500 using cuvette cell with 2 mm path length, in three consecutive days. Data for two days were used as data set and the rest of the data were used as prediction set. The calibration and prediction statistics obtained in this study indicated the potential of NIRS to predict metal ions in aqueous 0.1 M HNO3 solution with correlation coefficient (R2pred.>0.7). The RPD (residual predictive deviation) or ratio of standard error of prediction to the standard deviation, values were greater than 2, indicating that the model is appropriate for practical use (Cozzolino,2007). By using water matrix coordinates (WAMACS) from regression coefficient, obtained a consistency specific wavelength for each　metal.. These results showed that the PLS model were able to detect character metal ions in the NIR region of electromagnetic spectra with high accuracy even at very low concentrations (0-10 ppm)

Frequency of use Minute concentrations of Cadmium and Magnesium in aqueous solution can be measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

This study was focused on detection of Cadmium (Cd) and Mangnesium (Mg) in aqueous solution using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Although detectable, minerals have no absorption in NIR region, but alteration of the vibration mode of water matrix caused by minerals can be detected by NIRS. Artificial samples was used in this research were contained metal diluted in aqueous solutions. Analysis were performed in the 400-2500 nm region and were subjected to a partial least-square (PLS) regression analysis; validation was performed by mean center and transformed by smoothing. The metals were scanned by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in three consecutive days. Data for two days were used as data set and the rest of the data were used as prediction set. These results showed that the PLS model were able to detect metal ions in the NIR region of electromagnetic spectra with high accuracy even at low concentrations (0 -10 ppm). PLS model provided a powerful tool for investigation of the vibration and interaction of a mineral with water.

Karakterisasi Adsorben dari Kulit Manggis dan Kinerjanya pada Adsorpsi Logam Pb(II) dan Cr(VI) - (Adsorbent Characterization from Mangosteen Peel and Its Adsorption Performance on Pb(II) and Cr(VI))

The usage of biomass waste-based adsorbent for the adsorption of hazardous metal in wastewater is not only reducing waste but also lowering adsorbent price. This research aims to study the characteristics of adsorbent from mangosteen peel (Garcinia Mangostana L.) and activated charcoal from mangosteen peel, also to compare the adsorption performance on metal ion Pb(II) and Cr(VI). Synthetic wastewater used from a solution of Pb(NO3)2 and K2Cr2O7 with variations in initial concentration of 20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 mg/L. Adsorption performed at pH 5, ratio of adsorbent and waste solution 1/200 (w/v), 60 rpm, 0.5 gs nano-sized adsorbent. Characterization using SEM, FTIR and SEM-EDS showed that both adsorbents characteristics met the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995. The highest adsorption capacity of activated carbon to adsorb Pb(II) and Cr(VI) were 38.543 mg/g and 36.838 mg/g while biosorbent adsorb Pb(II) and Cr(VI) respectively 3.98 mg/g and 36.12 mg/g.Keywords: adsorption, biosorbent, Cr(VI), mangosteen peel, Pb(II)ABSTRAKPenggunaan adsorben berbasis limbah biomassa untuk adsorpsi kandungan logam berbahaya dari limbah cair industri selain dapat mengurangi limbah juga dapat menekan harga jual adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik adsorben yang terbuat dari limbah kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dan arang aktif dari limbah kulit manggis serta membandingkan kinerja kedua jenis adsorben tersebut pada proses adsorpsi ion logam Pb(II) dan Cr(VI). Limbah sintetis yang digunakan berupa ion dari Pb(II) dan Cr(VI) dari larutan Pb(NO3)2 dan K2Cr2O7 dengan variasi konsentrasi awal 20, 40, 80, 100 dan 200 mg/L. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan pada pH 5, rasio perbandingan berat adsorben dan volume larutan limbah 1:200, kecepatan pengadukan 60 rpm, adsorben berukuran nano dengan berat adsorben 0,5 g. Masing-masing adsorben dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM untuk mengetahui sturktur morfologi, FTIR untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dan SEM-EDS untuk mengetahui komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam adsorben tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kedua jenis adsorben memenuhi syarat mutu sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995. Kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi dari karbon aktif untuk menyerap Pb(II) dan Cr(VI) masing-masing 38,543 mg/g dan 36,838 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi biosorben untuk menyerap Pb(II) dan Cr(VI) masing-masing 36,98 mg/g dan 36,12 mg/g.Kata kunci: adsorpsi, biosorben, Cr(VI), kulit manggis, Pb(II