On core solutions in economies with asymmetric information

In a scenario with a continuum of asymmetrically informed agents, we analyze how the initial information of a trader may be altered when she becomes a member of a coalition. In contrast to a perfect competition frame, we first show that neither arbitrarily small coalitions nor large coalitions are enough to block an allocation which is not in the core, due to the market failure produced by asymmetric information. However, under mild assumptions, we extend the characterizations of the core provided by Vind and Schmeidler (1972) to economies with asymmetrically informed traders. We then focus on information sharing rules based on the coalitions' size. Assuming the existence of coalitions to which the sharing rule associates an information finer than all the others, we show that the corresponding cores coincide with the one defined by this finest information. Finally, characterizations for the weak fine, the fine and the private core are obtained as particular cases of this equivalence theorem.Coalitions, asymmetric information economies, information sharing, blocking mechanisms, core

Two-period economies with private state verification

Private state verification is introduced in a two-period economy with spot markets in both periods and complete futures markets for contingent delivery in the second period. Existence of equilibrium is established, under standard assumptions. An example is presented in which a complete set of contingent markets allows agents to arrive at the optimal allocation of risk-bearing, while securities are not sufficient.General equilibrium, Asymmetric information, Private state verification, Two-period economies

Isometries and Automorphisms of the Spaces of Spinors

Sin resume

One-pot synthesis of doxorubicin-loaded multiresponsive nanogels based on hyperbranched polyglycerol

Doxorubicin-loaded nanogels with multiresponsive properties are prepared using hyperbranched polyglycerol as a biocompatible scaffold. The nanogels are synthesized in a single step combining free-radical polymerization and a mild nanoprecipitation technique. The nanogels respond to different biological stimuli such as low pH and reductive environments, resulting in a more efficient cell proliferation inhibition in A549 cells

Matrix Metalloproteinase-sensitive Multistage Nanogels Promote Drug Transport in 3D Tumor Model

Physiological barriers inside of tumor tissue often result in poor interstitial penetration and heterogeneous intratumoral distribution of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS). Novel, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive peptide-crosslinked nanogels (pNGs) as multistage DDS are reported with a beneficial size reduction property to promote the process of deep tissue penetration. Methods: The presented pNGs are based on a dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) scaffold crosslinked by a modified MMP-sensitive fluorogenic peptide. The crosslinker integrates degradability in response to proteases present in the tumor microenvironment. Surfactant-free, inverse nanoprecipitation is employed to prepare the nanogels using strain-promoted click chemistry. The size and crosslinking density of the pNGs are controlled by the functionalization degree of dPG with cyclooctyne groups and by the peptide crosslinker fraction. The intrinsic reporter moiety of the crosslinker was used to study the influence of pNG compositions on the degradation profile. The therapeutic drug Doxorubicin was conjugated through a pH-sensitive linkage to dPG to form a multistage DDS. The penetration behavior of the pNGs was studied using agarose matrix and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Results: Nanogel sizes were controlled in the range of 150-650 nm with narrow size distributions and varying degrees of crosslinking. The pNGs showed stability in PBS and cell media but were readily degraded in the presence of MMP-7. The crosslinking density influenced the degradation kinetic mediated by MMP-7 or cells. Stable conjugation of DOX at physiological pH and controlled drug release at acidic pH were observed. The digestions of nanogels lead to a size reduction to polymer-drug fragments which efficiently penetrated into agarose gels. Moreover, the degradable multistage pNGs demonstrated deeper penetration into MCTS as compared to their non-degradable counterparts. Thus, degradable pNGs were able to deliver their cargo and efficiently reduce the cell viability in MCTS. Conclusion: The triggered size reduction of the pNGs by enzymatic degradation can facilitate the infiltration of the nanocarrier into dense tissue, and thereby promote the delivery of its cargo

Solidaridad intergeneracional, Tecnología y Arteterapia.

Resumen Es una realidad incuestionable que el proceso de envejecimiento es un fenómeno global que afecta a todas las sociedades. En este sentido, las relaciones intergeneracionales se interpretan como un tipo de solidaridad que surge como deseable y necesaria, pero que indudablemente plantea una serie de dificultades asociadas a las nuevas formas de vida. Así por ejemplo, desde un punto de vista arquitectónico, los edificios de temática intergeneracional parecen relativamente novedosos, si bien están proliferando especialmente en los últimos años; con propuestas concretas sobre todo en lo relativo a compartir espacios comunes y experiencias, por lo que se trata de un enfoque diferente al tradicional y que parece presentar un enorme potencial futuro. Por otro lado, disciplinas como la Domótica e incluso la Robótica contribuyen a que las personas con necesidades especiales ganen en independencia y autoestima, pero especialmente en calidad de vida. Con idéntico enfoque tecnológico, determinadas propuestas de arte y terapia pueden sin duda jugar un papel relevante en relación con las Nuevas Tecnologías, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con prácticas o experiencias socio-relacionales, si bien también con otras propuestas orientadas hacia la seguridad psicológica y el bienestar personal y grupal. Abstract It is an undeniable reality that the process of aging is a global phenomenon that affects all societies. In this sense, intergenerational relationships are interpreted as a kind of solidarity that emerges as desirable and necessary, but certainly raises a number of difficulties associated with new life forms. For example, from an architectural point of view, inter-themed buildings seem relatively new, but are especially rampant in recent years; with concrete proposals in particular as regards common areas and share experiences, so it is a different from the traditional approach that seems to present an enormous future potential. On the other hand, disciplines such as robotics Automation and even help people with special needs gain in independence and self-esteem, but especially in quality of life. With the same technological approach, proposals of art and therapy can certainly play an important role in relation to new technologies, especially those related to socio-relational practices and experiences, but also with other proposals oriented safety and psychological well-being personal and group

pitfalls of ester linkage

In this study, dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) is evaluated as a delivery platform for the anticancer, tubulin-binding drug paclitaxel (PTX). The conjugation of PTX to dPGS is conducted via a labile ester linkage. A non- sulfated dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) is used as a control, and the labeling with an indocarbocyanine dye (ICC) renders multifunctional conjugates that can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The conjugates are characterized by 1H NMR, UV-vis measurements, and RP-HPLC. In vitro cytotoxicity of PTX and dendritic conjugates is evaluated using A549 and A431 cell lines, showing a reduced cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates compared to PTX. The study of uptake kinetics reveals a linear, non saturable uptake in tumor cells for dPGS-PTX-ICC, while dPG-PTX-ICC is hardly taken up. Despite the marginal uptake of dPG-PTX-ICC, it prompts tubulin polymerization to a comparable extent as PTX. These observations suggest a fast ester hydrolysis and premature drug release, as confirmed by HPLC measurements in the presence of plasma enzyme

The rise of national identities in Europe. The representation of Catalonian independence movement in English-Speaking press from a CDA perspective

Traballo Fin de Grao en Lingua e Literatura Inglesas. Curso 2018-2019Over the last years Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has been gaining ground in the academic sphere, spreading beyond linguistics across wide raging disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, sociology or political studies, to name but a few. The aim of this BA thesis is to examine how the press in the UK and/or America reports on the events related to Catalan nationalism and independence movement that have happened lately in Spain. For that purpose, a CDA perspective is endorsed in order to determine whether such social media are politically biased, highlighting the differences in the new coverage and stressing the ways in which different reporting strategies may revive political debate. First, the concepts of nationalism and national identity are described, noting how these feelings are interwoven with political discourse as a consequence of the nationalistic movements that spread through Europe during the nineteenth century. As a case in point we examine the so-called ‘Catalonian independence movement’, a controversial social movement historically derived from Catalan nationalism. The CDA framework for the investigation is provided by reference works on the issue of politics and national identities such as Fairclough (1989), Van Dijk (2009) and Wodak (2009), to name but a few. In the empirical part, the CDA analysis of a selection of news serves as a basis to determine whether different political stances on the issue of Catalan independence (and nationalism) are instantiated. The study is brought to an end with a summary of conclusions and suggestions for further researc