Prevalence and Correlates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in adults from a French Community Sample

Validated tools are lacking in languages like French to diagnose ADHD in adults. The Adult ADHD symptoms Self-Report (ASRS) was filled out by 1,171 parents of 900 school-aged youths in the context of the Children and Parents with ADHD and Related Disorders study. Prevalence estimates based on three scoring methods are compared (6-item screener, all 18 items, or the screener followed by the 12 remaining items). Based on the recommended and more conservative scoring method, the overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms is estimated to be 2.99%, without significant group differences between genders, or between younger and older adults. Potential correlates of ADHD symptoms were also examined in their relatives (children, brothers/sisters, uncles/aunts, and parents): birth order, level of education, body mass index categories, enuresis, suicide attempts, depression, and learning disabilities. Adults can be screened for ADHD symptoms using the ASRS; negative long-term outcomes should be assessed in patients’ relatives too

European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD.

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that persists into adulthood in the majority of cases. The evidence on persistence poses several difficulties for adult psychiatry considering the lack of expertise for diagnostic assessment, limited treatment options and patient facilities across Europe. METHODS: The European Network Adult ADHD, founded in 2003, aims to increase awareness of this disorder and improve knowledge and patient care for adults with ADHD across Europe. This Consensus Statement is one of the actions taken by the European Network Adult ADHD in order to support the clinician with research evidence and clinical experience from 18 European countries in which ADHD in adults is recognised and treated. RESULTS: Besides information on the genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed in this statement: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How can ADHD in adults be properly diagnosed? (3) How should ADHD in adults be effectively treated? CONCLUSIONS: ADHD often presents as an impairing lifelong condition in adults, yet it is currently underdiagnosed and treated in many European countries, leading to ineffective treatment and higher costs of illness. Expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults must increase in psychiatry. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available and appropriate treatments exist, although more research is needed in this age group

NORMTEST: Stata module to perform tests of univariate kurtosis and skewness

Computes measures and tests of univariate skew (g1, sqrt(b1)) and kurtosis (g2 and b2-3), and two omnibus tests of normality: namely D'agostino & Pearson K sq, and Jarque-Bera LM. This is version 1.2 of the software.normality, skewnes, kurtosis

KWALLIS2: Stata module to perform Kruskal-Wallis Test for equality of populations

kwallis2 is an extremely useful test for deciding whether k independent samples are from different populations. The null hypothesis is that k samples come from the same population or from identical populations with the same median. When a significant value is found, kwallis2 determine which groups are different. This is an improved version of Stata's kwallis. This is version 1.1 of the software.nonparametric tests, homogeneity

SBROWNI: Stata module to calculate Spearman-Brown reliability correction for test length

The reliability of a test (Cronbach's alpha or Kuder-Richardson's coefficient in case of dichotomous items) is dependent of the number of items. This immediate command comes in two forms: (1) If the reliability is known for a test (#rel0) with any particular number of items (#count0), the Spearman-Brown formula can be used to estimate how much the reliability would increase if the number of items were increased to #count1; and (2) The converted formula can be used to estimate the number of items required to obtain a particular reliability (#rel1).

GPFOBL: Stata module to perform rotation after factor / principal components

This is the translation into Stata programming language of the programs that appear in the paper Gradient Projection Algorithms for Arbitrary Rotation Criteria in Factor Analysis by Coen A. Bernaards & Robert I. Jennrich (http://www.stat.ucla.edu/research). Several oblique rotation methods are provided.factor analysis, principal components, rotation

CORTESTI: Stata module to test equality of two correlation coefficients

In standard tests for correlation, a correlation coefficient is tested tested against the hypothesis of no correlation, i.e. R=0. However it is possible to test whether the correlation coefficient is equal to or different from another fixed value. There are situations where you would like to know whether a certain correlation strength really is different from another one. This test is only an approximation, and should be used when both samples are larger than 10. This is version 1.1 of the software.correlation

KR20: Stata module to calculate Kuder-Richardson coefficient of reliability

Computes the reliability coefficient of a set of dichotomous items, whereas Cronbach's alpha is used for multipoint scales. In addition, KR20 computes the item difficulty (proportion of 'right' answers), the average value of item difficulty, the item variance, the item-test point-biserial correlation coefficients, and the average value of item-test correlation coefficients. This is version 1.2 of the software.

LEVENE: Stata module to test for equal population variances

Levene's T-test is used to test the null hypothesis that multiple population variances (corresponding to multiple samples) are equal. The test is a one-way ANOVA on absolute deviations for each group. This is version 1.1 of the software.one-way ANOVA, variance

Factorial validity of the ADHD adult symptom rating scale in a french community sample : results from the ChiP-ARDS study

Objective: Recent publications reported that a bifactor model better represented the underlying structure of ADHD than classical models, at least in youth. The Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale (ASRS) has been translated into many languages, but a single study compared its structure in adults across Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) classifications. Method: We investigated the factor structure, reliability, and measurement invariance of the ASRS among a community sample of 1,171 adults. Results: Results support a bifactor model, including one general ADHD factor and three specific Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity factors corresponding to ICD-10, albeit the Impulsivity specific factor was weakly defined. Results also support the complete measurement invariance of this model across gender and age groups, and that men have higher scores than women on the ADHD G-factor but lower scores on all three S-factors. Conclusion: Results suggest that a total ASRS-ADHD score is meaningful, reliable, and valid in adults. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(6) 530-541) </jats:p