Investigación sobre la regeneración directa de brotes en la palmera datilera CV.Pyarum y posibles cambios genéticos en brotes inducidos

The palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) is one of important trees, and is economically important in south of Iran. Date palm is propagated by the offshoots, number of which is limited. Therefore, adult Date palms produce shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems through the use of a tissue culture. This study was conducted to perform in -vitro tissue culture direct shoot regeneration and determine the best combination of plant regulators and other conditions. To achieve organogenesis and multiplication directly from shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems of Date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) was used without callus formation. Direct regeneration of vegetative buds minimizes the risk of somaclonal variation among plant regenerates. Results revealed that MS medium supplemented with 4mg/l of kinetin and 3 mg/l of IAA or 2mg/l of BA and 4 mg/l of NAA was the best formation from shoot tip after 16-20 weeks. Subculture per month was evaluated at following conditions: temperature for growth of 27±1°C during the lighted period and 22±1°C during the dark period.La palma (Phoenix Dactylifera) es uno de los árboles importantes y es económicamente importante en el sur de Irán. La palmera datilera se propaga por las ramificaciones, cuyo número es limitado. Por lo tanto, las palmas datileras adultas producen puntas de brotes y meristemas de brotes axilares mediante el uso de un cultivo de tejidos. Este estudio se realizó para realizar un cultivo de tejidos in vitro, regeneración directa de brotes y determinar la mejor combinación de reguladores de plantas y otras condiciones. Para lograr la organogénesis y la multiplicación directamente de las puntas de los brotes y meristemas de los brotes axilares de la palmera datilera (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) se utilizó sin formación de callos. La regeneración directa de cogollos vegetativos minimiza el riesgo de variación somaclonal entre plantas regeneradas. Los resultados revelaron que el medio MS suplementado con 4 mg / l de kinetina y 3 mg / l de IAA o 2 mg / l de BA y 4 mg / l de NAA fue la mejor formación a partir de la punta del brote después de 16-20 semanas. Se evaluó el subcultivo por mes en las siguientes condiciones: temperatura de crecimiento de 27 ± 1 ° C durante el período iluminado y 22 ± 1 ° C durante el período oscuro

Investigación sobre la regeneración directa de brotes en la palmera datilera CV.Pyarum y posibles cambios genéticos en brotes inducidos

The palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) is one of important trees, and is economically important in south of Iran. Date palm is propagated by the offshoots, number of which is limited. Therefore, adult Date palms produce shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems through the use of a tissue culture. This study was conducted to perform in -vitro tissue culture direct shoot regeneration and determine the best combination of plant regulators and other conditions. To achieve organogenesis and multiplication directly from shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems of Date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) was used without callus formation. Direct regeneration of vegetative buds minimizes the risk of somaclonal variation among plant regenerates. Results revealed that MS medium supplemented with 4mg/l of kinetin and 3 mg/l of IAA or 2mg/l of BA and 4 mg/l of NAA was the best formation from shoot tip after 16-20 weeks. Subculture per month was evaluated at following conditions: temperature for growth of 27±1°C during the lighted period and 22±1°C during the dark period.La palma (Phoenix Dactylifera) es uno de los árboles importantes y es económicamente importante en el sur de Irán. La palmera datilera se propaga por las ramificaciones, cuyo número es limitado. Por lo tanto, las palmas datileras adultas producen puntas de brotes y meristemas de brotes axilares mediante el uso de un cultivo de tejidos. Este estudio se realizó para realizar un cultivo de tejidos in vitro, regeneración directa de brotes y determinar la mejor combinación de reguladores de plantas y otras condiciones. Para lograr la organogénesis y la multiplicación directamente de las puntas de los brotes y meristemas de los brotes axilares de la palmera datilera (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) se utilizó sin formación de callos. La regeneración directa de cogollos vegetativos minimiza el riesgo de variación somaclonal entre plantas regeneradas. Los resultados revelaron que el medio MS suplementado con 4 mg / l de kinetina y 3 mg / l de IAA o 2 mg / l de BA y 4 mg / l de NAA fue la mejor formación a partir de la punta del brote después de 16-20 semanas. Se evaluó el subcultivo por mes en las siguientes condiciones: temperatura de crecimiento de 27 ± 1 ° C durante el período iluminado y 22 ± 1 ° C durante el período oscuro

Evaluation of biochemical constituents and inhibitory effect of tea clone 100 on colorectal cancer cell line HCT- 116

Purpose: To evaluate the total content of polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activity of three different extracts of three types of tea clone 100 (black, green and white), and their anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer.Methods: Five major polyphenols, viz, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, were identified using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Catechins were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH radical scavenging method, while 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed for the determination of cell viability of colon cell line HCT-116 after 24 and 48 h.Results: The aqueous methanol (70 %) extract of white tea yielded the highest amount of polyphenols (36.67 ± 0.54 mg GAE/g dry weight). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of white tea was 71.74 ± 0.42 %, and it produced high anti-proliferation activity against colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 (86.06 ± 0.54 %).Conclusion: White tea extract possesses high DPPH radical scavenging activity, and exerts good antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116, most likely due to its catechin content.Keywords: Camellia sinensis L., Catechin, DPPH radical scavenging, Anti-cance

Evaluation of salt tolerance in almond [Prunus dulcis (L.) Batsch] rootstocks

In this study, four interspecific Prunus rootstocks (‘HS314’, ‘HS312’, ‘HS302’ and ‘GF677’) and the Iranian almond cultivar ‘Sahand’ were subjected to four different salinity levels (1.5, 3, 6 and 9 dSm-1) to determine the effects of salt level on growth parameters and chemical compositions. The results obtained indicate that increased salinity level had significant negative effects on leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot. In addition, increasing the salinity level in general caused an increase in leaf proline concentration; however, the different genotypes were significantly different in response to the salinity level. According to these findings, proline content increase in ‘Sahand’ cultivar was lower than those of the other studied genotypes were. The majority of the plant's responses to the high salinity levels (6 and 9 dSm-1) were significant with no deleterious effects observed on plant growth triggered by lower salt concentrations of 1.5 and 3 dSm-1. A significant decrease in total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b content was also found at the high salinity levels but no significant change in chlorophyll a was evident. The potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ion concentrations of the leaves and roots were significantly different among the studied genotypes due to their exposure to different salinity levels. The concentration of Mg2+, Cl- and Na+ as well as the Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves of all the genotypes were increased by the salinity stress, whereas it had no significant effect on the Ca2+ and K+ concentrations as well as the Na+/Ca2+ ratio. The result obtained in this study suggest that ‘HS314’ and ‘GF677’ interspecific hybrids may represent novel sources of salinity tolerance.Keywords: Breeding, interspecific hybridization, proline, salinit

Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression profiles under drought stress in tolerant, intermediate, and susceptible wheat genotypes

Drought is a common abiotic stress that influences crop production to a large extent all over the world. Wheat crop experiences drought at main stages during its life cycle, which induces oxidative stress in the plants. The antioxidant mechanisms of the plant have a significant role in providing tolerance against the water stress. The objective of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity and transcript profile of antioxidant enzyme related genes in three wheat genotypes to be TN4228 (drought tolerant), TN1399 (moderately tolerant) and TN3737 (susceptible) at control [80% Field capacity (FC)] medium (40% FC) and severe stress (25% FC). Water-limited conditions led to a decrease in relative water content (RWC). However, drought increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. In addition, we observed the enhancement of the delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), CAT, APX and SOD gene expressions at drought stress conditions. Both moderate and severe stresses caused genotype-specific responses, which were dependent on stress severity. According to drought stress and defense systems in TN4228, it was obtained that the engaged genes and enzymes play significant roles in defense responses and could be viable targets to determine the level of drought tolerance

Investigación sobre la regeneración directa de brotes en la palmera datilera CV.Pyarum y posibles cambios genéticos en brotes inducidos

The palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) is one of important trees, and is economically important in south of Iran. Date palm is propagated by the offshoots, number of which is limited. Therefore, adult Date palms produce shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems through the use of a tissue culture. This study was conducted to perform in -vitro tissue culture direct shoot regeneration and determine the best combination of plant regulators and other conditions. To achieve organogenesis and multiplication directly from shoot tips and axillary shoot meristems of Date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) was used without callus formation. Direct regeneration of vegetative buds minimizes the risk of somaclonal variation among plant regenerates. Results revealed that MS medium supplemented with 4mg/l of kinetin and 3 mg/l of IAA or 2mg/l of BA and 4 mg/l of NAA was the best formation from shoot tip after 16-20 weeks. Subculture per month was evaluated at following conditions: temperature for growth of 27±1°C during the lighted period and 22±1°C during the dark period.La palma (Phoenix Dactylifera) es uno de los árboles importantes y es económicamente importante en el sur de Irán. La palmera datilera se propaga por las ramificaciones, cuyo número es limitado. Por lo tanto, las palmas datileras adultas producen puntas de brotes y meristemas de brotes axilares mediante el uso de un cultivo de tejidos. Este estudio se realizó para realizar un cultivo de tejidos in vitro, regeneración directa de brotes y determinar la mejor combinación de reguladores de plantas y otras condiciones. Para lograr la organogénesis y la multiplicación directamente de las puntas de los brotes y meristemas de los brotes axilares de la palmera datilera (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Var Pyarum) se utilizó sin formación de callos. La regeneración directa de cogollos vegetativos minimiza el riesgo de variación somaclonal entre plantas regeneradas. Los resultados revelaron que el medio MS suplementado con 4 mg / l de kinetina y 3 mg / l de IAA o 2 mg / l de BA y 4 mg / l de NAA fue la mejor formación a partir de la punta del brote después de 16-20 semanas. Se evaluó el subcultivo por mes en las siguientes condiciones: temperatura de crecimiento de 27 ± 1 ° C durante el período iluminado y 22 ± 1 ° C durante el período oscuro

The Effect of Planting Date and Seed Moisture Content at Harvest on Seed Germination Indices of Corn (Zea mays) Cv. S.c704-Produced in Ardebil Province (Moghan)

This experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications at two locations: Agricultural and natural resource center of Ardebil province (Moghan) and seed and plant certification and registration institute of Karaj in 2013. The treatments included: planting date in three levels (10-May, 25-May and 9-Jun), seed moisture content at harvest time in four levels (30%, 25, 20 and 15) and seed size in three levels (flat, round and medium). The measured traits were a standard germination test, mean time of germination, seedling weight and length vigor index, germination percent in radical emergence test and germination percent in cold test. The results illustrated that delayed planting caused reduction of seed quality and this reduction was more obvious in delayed harvest (15%), also the reduction rate in round seeds was more than flattered and medium seeds. The minimum percentage of germination and vigor were seen in round seeds of third planting date and moisture harvest by 15%. So it is recommended for corn seed production to sow the seeds before the last week of May and when seed moisture content reached 30 percent, cob harvesting should be started and the harvest not is delayed

A classic approach for determining genomic prediction accuracy under terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions in wheat landraces and cultivars.

The present study aimed to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of 16 agronomic traits in a diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm under terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions in semi-arid environments. An association panel including 87 bread wheat cultivars and 199 landraces from Iran bread wheat germplasm was planted under two irrigation systems in semi-arid climate zones. The whole association panel was genotyped with 9047 single nucleotide polymorphism markers using the genotyping-by-sequencing method. A number of 23 marker-trait associations were selected for traits under each condition, whereas 17 marker-trait associations were common between terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions. The identified marker-trait associations were mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms with minor allele effects. This study examined the effect of population structure, genomic selection method (ridge regression-best linear unbiased prediction, genomic best-linear unbiased predictions, and Bayesian ridge regression), training set size, and type of marker set on genomic prediction accuracy. The prediction accuracies were low (-0.32) to moderate (0.52). A marker set including 93 significant markers identified through genome-wide association studies with P values ≤ 0.001 increased the genomic prediction accuracy for all traits under both conditions. This study concluded that obtaining the highest genomic prediction accuracy depends on the extent of linkage disequilibrium, the genetic architecture of trait, genetic diversity of the population, and the genomic selection method. The results encouraged the integration of genome-wide association study and genomic selection to enhance genomic prediction accuracy in applied breeding programs

Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer Application on Physiological Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes in Two Sowing Dates

To investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of two sowing dates 17 and 27 October, considered as optimum and late sowing dates, respectively and two vermicompost rates, 0 and 20 t.ha-1 were allocated to the main plots and six canola genotypes (BAL104, DIE710.08, BAL102, FJL290, FJL330, Okapi) were randomized in sub-plots. The results indicated that seed yield, yield components, seed oil percentage and fatty acid compositions increased in all genotypes by different sowing dates. The highest seed yield (5853 and 5762 kg.ha-1), seed oil percentage (43.98 and 43.85%), oleic acid (65.23 and 64.93%) and linoleic acid (20.51 and 20.37%) were produced at optimum sowing date by FJL290 and BAL102 lines, which represent a high potential of this genotypes under this sowing date. In addition, application of vermicompost increased all traits under study. The result olso indicated that FJL290 and BAL102 lines can produce the highest seed and oil yields in the region, if the seeds were sown at 17 October 17th and application of 20 t.ha-1 of vermicompost

The study of genetic diversity in some Iranian accessions of Hyoscyamus sp. using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and retrotransposon/AFLP markers

Hyoscyamus sp. is well known as a natural source of two main tropan alkaloids including hyoscyamine and scopolamine. The environmental conditions make a very wide diversity of this herb in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity within a set of 45 Iranian accessions of Hyoscyamus sp. using amplified fragment length polymorphism and retro/AFLP markers. 18 primer combinations of AFLP markers and five retro/AFLP primer combinations were also used to estimate genetic diversity among accessions. Analysis of banding patterns of 18 AFLP primer combinations revealed 264 polymorphic bands. A total of 264 polymorphic fragments were scored with an average of 14.7 fragments per primer combination. The five retro/AFLP primer combinations generated 42 clearly scorable polymorphic bands across 45 genotypes. The number of polymorphic fragments for each primer pair varied from 5 to 12 with an average of 8.4 polymorphic fragments per primer combination. The cluster analysis discriminated the accessions based on the species and the origin of accessions and demonstrated a high level of genetic diversity in Hyoscyamus sp. accessions. According to cluster analysis, almost all accessions of Hyoscyamus niger and all accessions of Hyoscyamus reticulatus were placed in the same group and the accessions of Hyoscyamus puccillus from the Yazd province were classified in the same group. These results provide important information with regard to future domestication and breeding programs for management of germplasm resources.Key words: Hyoscyamus, retrotransposon, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), genetic diversity