- MINIMAL RIGHTS IN CLAIMS PROBLEMS

This paper focuses on some appealing properties for claims problems. Our main result is that the Constrained Equal-Losses Rule is the only rule satisfying equal treatment of equals, composition from minimal rights, and path independence.

INDIVIDUAL EVIDENCE OF INDEPENDENCE IN HEALTH PROFILES EVALUATION

We analyze empirically the fulfillment of the property of Mutual Independence, traditionally assumed in the literature on health profiles evaluation. Mutual Independence turns out to be equivalent to the simultaneous fulfillment of two weaker properties: Independence of the Past with regard to the Future and Independence of the Future with regard to the Past. The purpose of this paper is to test if the latter property is better fulfilled than its alternative of Independence of the Past with regard to the Future, and than the stronger one of Mutual Independence. To do so, we propose three different sets of questionnaires, addressed to three groups of people, differing in age. Our main findings are the following: (1) at an aggregate level, Mutual Independence is accurately satisfied, even though there is a higher level of satisfaction of Independence of the future with regard to the past, particularly significant withing the Elderly group; (2) at an individual level, Independence of the future with regard to the past is significantly better fulfilled than the alternative assumption, for every group.Health profile; Preference Independence; QALY.

ALLOCATION PROBLEMS WITH INDIVISIBILITIES WHEN PREFERENCES ARE SINGLE-PEAKED

We consider allocation problems with indivisible goods when agents’ preferences are single-peaked. Two natural procedures (up methods and temporary satisfaction methods) are proposed to solve these problems. They are constructed by using priority methods on the cartesian product of agents and integer numbers, interpreted either as peaks or opposite peaks. Thus, two families of solutions arise this way. Our two families of solutions satisfy properties very much related to some well-known properties studied in the case of perfectly divisible goods, and they have a strong relationship with the continuous uniform and equal-distance rules, respectively.Allocation problem, indivisibilities, single-peaked preferences, temporary satisfaction method, up method.

OPTIMAL SHARING OF SURGICAL COSTS IN THE PRESENCE OF QUEUES

We deal with a cost allocation problem arising from sharing a medical service in the presence of queues. We use a standard queuing theory model in a context with several medical procedures, a certain demand of treatment and a maximum average waiting time guarantee set by the government. We show that sharing the use of an operating theatre to treat the patients of the different procedures, leads to a cost reduction. Then, we compute an optimal fee per procedure for the use of the operating theatre, based on the Shapley value. Afterwards, considering the post-operative time, we characterize the conditions under which this cooperation among treatments has a positive impact on the average post-operative costs. Finally, we provide a numerical example constructed on the basis of real data, to highlight the main features of our model.Surgical Waiting Lists; Queueing Theory; Cost-Sharing Game.

EGALITARIAN RULES IN CLAIMS PROBLEMS WITH INDIVISIBLE GOODS

In this work we deal with rationing problems. In particular with claims problems with indivisible goods, that is, problems in which a certain amount of indivisible units (of an homogeneous good), has to be distributed among a group of agents, when this amount is not enough to satisfy agents' demands. We define discrete rules to solve those problems that involve notions of fairness similar to those supporting the constrained-equal awards and the constrained-equal losses rules in the continuous case. Axiomatic characterizations of those solutions are provided.indivisible goods, claims problems, equal awards solution, equal losses solution.

THE THREE MUSKETEERS: FOUR CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS TO BANKRUPTCY PROBLEMS

This paper provides a comparative analysis of some classical solutions to bankruptcy problems from an axiomatic viewpoint. These rules are the constrained equal-awards rule, the constrained equal-losses rule, the proportional rule and the Talmud rule. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the understanding of their differences and to clarify the type of situations in which each of these rules is better.Bankruptcy problems, proportional solution, equal-awards solution

Una aproximación morfológica a las construcciones clasificatorias en la lengua de signos española

Since the pioneering work of Ted Supalla in 1978, it has been demostrated that sign languages use classifiers, specially in classifier predicates, in a typologically congruent way that seems nevertheless to exceed the limits of oral channel. In this article we review the main approaches to classifiers in sign and oral languages and provide the clasificatory system in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) with morphological criteria typologically attested. We differentiate between classificatory nouns and predicate classifiers, and between introflexive classifiers and classifier prefixes

Bargaining with Claims in Economic Environments

In this paper a reconstruction of the theory of bargaining with claims in economic environments is addressed. The spirit of that reconstruction is similar to that of the standard bargaining theory made by Roemer.En este trabajo se aborda el problema de la reconstrucción de la teoría de negociación con derechos en entornos económicos. El espíritu de la reconstrucción y las técnicas son semejantes a las de Roemer para el problema clásico de negociación

A NEW OUTCOME MEASURE FOR COST-UTILITY ANALYSES OF SCREENING PROGRAMS

In this paper we provide a new outcome measure for the cost-utility analyses of alternative screening programs of a particular disease. We show that for non-invasive screening programs satisfying plausible assumptions, QALYs can be replaced by a simpler outcome: the sensitivity of the program. In other words, the cost-utility analysis can be made without computing the utility each program offers. Consequently, results would be immune to two of the most controversial issues in the cost-utility analysis approach: the elicitation method to obtain quality weights of health profiles, and the discount rate for future health benefits. The assumptions are particularly suitable in the case of selecting between the universal and the selective implementation of a non-invasive screening program. Therefore, we apply our result to provide an additional viewpoint in the current debate about the implementation of a universal or selective newborn screening program to detect congenital hearing impairment.Cost-utility analysis, cost-sensitivity ratios, screening programs,

Journalism ethics as a tool to face fake news: spanish journalists' perceptions

La investigación en comunicación presta una atención creciente a las noticias falsas. Abordadas desde perspectivas a menudo computacionales, se explora la deontología como herramienta básica contra este fenómeno. Las percepciones de 383 periodistas españoles muestran un importante grado de conciencia sobre la necesidad de un mayor cumplimiento deontológico y la actualización de las normas éticas para que estas resulten útiles al enfrentarse a las noticias falsas.Communication research pays growing attention to fake news, although it is usually analysed from computational perspectives. The present article explores deontology as a basic tool to address this challenge. The perceptions of 383 Spanish journalists on this matter show great consciousness on the need for a stronger compliance with codes of ethics, as well as an update to fight fake news