Isotope networks : training, sales and publications, 1946-1965

The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the spread of isotope-related techniques in Western Europe and the USA in the two first decades after World War II, by focusing on structural features. In particular, I analyse three major components of the European «isotope industry»: radioisotope distribution networks, the establishment of training sites and publications in which isotopes played some role as the object of study or research tools. This study leads to an assessment of the importance of industrial applications of isotopes in this period, in relation to biomedical ones, and provides with a transnational comparison in terms of productivity in material resources, workforce and knowledge

La Radioactivitat a les patents d'invenció espanyoles, 1900-1929

This paper explores the use of patents as a source for the history of science by focusing on radioactivity-related patents issued in Spain in the period 1900-1936. The relevance of this source and its coherence with other historical records is particularly assessed, as well as practical aspects related to its access, analysis and interpretation. The study, mainly based on the analysis of the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (OEPM) database, reveals major trends in the uses of radioactive elements as industrial products and confirms the lack of a national industry of radiu

Reseñas

Obra ressenyada: Aitor ANDUAGA EGAÑA, Geofísica, Economía y Sociedad en la España Contemporánea. Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2009

An autarkic science : physics, culture, and power in Franco's Spain

Published as An autarkic science : physis, culture, and power in Franco's Spain / Néstor Herran and Xavier Roqué, as appears in the print version of Historical studies in the natural science. © 2013 by the Regents of the University of California/Sponsoring Society or Association. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California/on behalf of the Sponsoring Society for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® on [JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/r/ucal)] or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center, http://www.copyright.comWe discuss the rise of modern physics in Spain during Francoism (1939-1975) within the context of culture, power, and the ongoing historical assessment of science during the dictatorship. Contrary to the idea that Francoist policy was indifferent if not hostile to modern science, and that ideology did not go deeper than the rhetorical surface, we discuss the ways in which the physical sciences took advantage of, and in turn were used by, the regime to promote international relations, further the autarkic economy, and ultimately generate power. In order to understand what physics meant within the National Catholic political order, we contrast the situation in the post-Civil War decades with the situation before the war. First we discuss how the war transformed the physicists' community, molding it around certain key fields. We then turn to the work of right-wing ideologues and conservative scientists and philosophers, who stressed the spiritual dimension of the discipline and argued for the integration of science into the Christian scheme of the world. The cultural realignment of the discipline coincided with the institutional changes that harnessed physics to the military and economic needs of the autarkic state, which we discuss in the final section. To conclude, we reflect upon the demise of autarkic physics in the late 1960s and the overall implications of our argument with regard to the development of physics in Spai

Historia de la física en España en el siglo XX : balance y perspectivas

El artículo presenta los tres artículos sobre historia de la física en España incluidos en este número de Actes, a partir de un análisis de la literatura, la discusión de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación y el análisis de la base de datos bibliográfica sobre este tema que han elaborado los autores. L'article presenta els tres articles sobre història de la física a Espanya inclosos en aquest números d'Actes, a partir d'una anàlisi de la literatura, la discusió dels resultats d'un projecte d'investigació i l'anàlisi de la base de dades bibliogràfica sobre aquest tema que han dut a terme els autors.We introduce here the three articles on the history of physics in Spain included in this number of Actes, on the basis of a survey of the literature, a commentary on the results of a current research project and the analysis of a bibliographic database on this subject produced by the authors

Tracers of modern technoscience

Together with genes, drugs or standardized laboratory mice, isotopes might well be considered amongst the scientific objects that shaped science, technology, and medicine in the 20th century 1. Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Chemically identical yet physically distinct, ever since the end of World War II they have been widely applied to scientific research, medical diagnosis and therapy, and industrial control processes. The production, distribution and uses of isotopes have therefore borne witness to key aspects of modern technoscience, such as the role of state agencies vis-à-vis private companies and the market, or the relation between science, politics and the military. Affording a specific view of these developments, isotopes work as tracers of modern technoscience that invite historical research

El fons d'història de la informàtica

Des de finals de l'any 2003, la comunitat universitària disposa d'un nou fons bibliogràfic dedicat a la història de la informàtica. El fons està dipositat a la planta -1 de la Biblioteca de Ciències i d'Enginyeries de la UAB i recull materials que, per la seva antiguitat o valor intrínsec, poden contribuir a futurs estudis històrics sobre aquesta la tecnologia informàtica al nostre paí

Una història de la radioactivitat en Espanya

La història de la radioactivitat ha sofert una profunda renovació en els darrers anys . Considerada com un simple antecedent de la física nuclear, s'ignoraven aspectes rellevants en la matèria com son les connexions socials, industrials i culturals. La tesi de Néstor Herran, emmarcada en aquesta nova perspectiva, ofereix una visió inèdita d'aquesta ciència a l'Espanya de principis del segle XX.La historia de la radiactividad ha sufrido una profunda renovación en los últimos años. Considerada como un mero antecedente de la física nuclear, se ignoraban aspectos relevantes en la materia como las conexiones sociales, industriales y culturales. La tesis de Néstor Herran, enmarcada dentro de esta nueva perspectiva, ofrece una visión inédita de esta ciencia en la España de principios del siglo XX

MACREA: herramienta asistida para la construcción de recursos educativos accesibles

The era of technology has been transforming current educational processes, which has generated the constant search for new strategies that help enrich and improve educational teaching and learning processes. Technologies can generate equity and be an engine for inclusion in education through diverse educational settings. One of the strategies focused on this purpose is accessible educational resources, which each day take a leading role in current training and teaching processes. But the creation and generation of these resources and the need to involve people with a certain type or degree of special educational need in school environments and teaching and learning processes requires facing technological tools and guidelines that are not always available to the public. teacher, which limits the possibilities of inclusion in the classroom. As a way of solving this concern, this article makes a proposal that aims to define an assisted tool that guides and helped people with a low degree of expertise in technological issues and in accessibility guides and guidelines, in the creation of accessible educational resources. The proposal was validated with a group of people from the education sector, the results obtained are viable and can be used in different educational contexts.La era de la tecnología ha ido transformando los procesos educativos actuales, lo que ha generado la búsqueda constante de nuevas estrategias que ayuden a enriquecer y mejorar los procesos educativos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Las tecnologías pueden permitir generar equidad y ser motor de inclusión en la educación mediante escenarios educativos diversos. Una de las estrategias enfocadas a este propósito, son los recursos educativos accesibles, que cada día van tomando un papel protagónico en los procesos de formación y de enseñanza actuales. Pero la creación y generación de estos recursos y la necesidad de hacer parte a las personas con cierto tipo o grado de necesidad educativa especial a los ambientes escolares y procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje requiere enfrentarse a herramientas tecnológicas y a lineamientos que no siempre están al alcance del profesor, lo que limita las posibilidades de inclusión en el aula. Como un camino de solución a esta preocupación, este artículo hace una propuesta que se orienta a definir una herramienta asistida que guie y ayudé a las personas con un grado de experticia bajo en temas tecnológicos y en guías y pautas de accesibilidad, en la creación de recursos educativos accesibles. La propuesta fue validada con un grupo de personas del sector educativo, los resultados arrojados son viables y pueden ser aprovechados en distintos contextos educativos.A era da tecnologia vem transformando os processos educacionais atuais, o que tem gerado a busca constante por novas estratégias que ajudem a enriquecer e melhorar os processos educacionais de ensino e aprendizagem. As tecnologias podem gerar equidade e ser um motor de inclusão na educação por meio de diversos ambientes educacionais. Uma das estratégias voltadas para esse propósito são os recursos educacionais acessíveis, que a cada dia assumem um papel de destaque nos atuais processos de formação e ensino. Mas a criação e geração desses recursos e a necessidade de envolver pessoas com determinado tipo ou grau de necessidade educacional especial nos ambientes escolares e nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem exige o enfrentamento de ferramentas e diretrizes tecnológicas nem sempre disponíveis ao público. limita as possibilidades de inclusão em sala de aula. Como forma de solucionar essa preocupação, este artigo faz uma proposta que se orienta a definir uma ferramenta assistida que oriente e auxilie pessoas com baixo grau de especialização em questões tecnológicas e em guias e diretrizes de acessibilidade, na criação de recursos educacionais acessíveis. A proposta foi validada com um grupo de pessoas da área de educação, os resultados obtidos são viáveis ​​e podem ser utilizados em diferentes contextos educacionais