La igualdad de género en el proceso editorial de revistas de salud pública del continente americano

Despite an increase in the participation of women in scientific publications, a gender gap persists with a predominantly male authorship, especially in high-impact factor journals. Similarly, there is a lower proportion of women participating as peer reviewers or editors for journal publications.Revisión por paresCampus Lima Centr

Optical ladder operators in the Glauber-Fock oscillator array

In this study, we investigate the stationary states of the Glauber-Fock oscillator waveguide array. We begin by transforming the associated Hamiltonian into the form of a quantum harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, allowing the implementation of a supersymmetric (SUSY) approach. By considering the simplest case for the intertwining operator, the optical ladder operators are straightforwardly constructed and shown to map eigensolutions into eigensolutions of the corresponding Hamiltonian operator, in pretty much the same manner as it is done for the quantum harmonic oscillator case. The ladder of the corresponding (eigen) supermodes is then easily established

Exact Solution to the Driven Jaynes-Cummings System

We investigate the dynamics of the driven Jaynes-Cummings model, where a two-level atom interacts with a quantized field and both, atom and field, are driven by an external classical field. Via an invariant approach, we are able to transform the corresponding Hamiltonian into the one of the standard Jaynes-Cummings model. Subsequently, the exact analytical solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for the driven system is obtained and employed to analyze some of its dynamical variables.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Temas clave en la formación de profesores en Chile desde la perspectiva de docentes y directivos

Teacher education in Chile and the issues that intersect it are nowadays in the public debate of the Chilean society. This study aims at analyze key issues on teacher education- research, innovation, continuous education, university-school relationship, and management- from the perspective of academics, school-teachers and administrators. The study was conducted on 222 participants from Chilean universities and schools in the context of a non-experimental research design of cross-sectional and descriptive nature. The surveys and semi-structured interviews results show that it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between schools and universities, train teachers that achieve effective performances in the current socio-educational contexts and create the conditions for teachers to do research of their own pedagogical practices.La formación de profesores en Chile y los puntos que la intersectan, están hoy en día en el debate público de la sociedad chilena. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar temas clave de la formación de profesores- investigación, innovación, formación continua, relación universidad-establecimiento educacional, y gestión- desde la perspectiva de profesores universitarios, profesores del sistema escolar y directivos. Para esto, el estudio se realizó con una muestra de 222 participantes de establecimientos educacionales y universidades chilenas en el contexto de un diseño investigativo de carácter no experimental y de tipo transeccional descriptivo. Los resultados de las encuestas y entrevistas aplicadas revelan que es necesario fortalecer la relación establecimiento educacional y universidad, formar profesores que tengan un desempeño efectivo en los contextos socio-educativos actuales y crear las condiciones para que los profesores puedan realizar investigaciones de sus propias prácticas pedagógicas

Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant trichoderma strains from soil with high levels of mercury and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana mercury uptake

"Traditional mining activities are usually correlated with high levels of soil pollution, which is a major environmental concern. Extensive mining activities have taken place in the San Joaquin region in the State of Querétaro, México resulting in high levels of mercury soil pollution (up to 1532 ± 300 mg/kg). We isolated mercury-resistant fungal strains from the San Joaquin region soils and identified them through morphologic characteristics and ITS rDNA region sequence analysis. We determined that fungi isolated belong to the genus Trichoderma. All the isolates selected showed the ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg. For air sampling, an active sampling device was constructed and using acid KMnO4 as an absorbent, the concentration of mercury in solution was determined through the cold vapor atomic absorption method. The results show mercury volatilization from the fungal species assay, with a maximum of 213.04 ± 32.6 µg/m3 while mycelium accumulation ranged from less than 17.5 ± 2.9 to 20.0 ± 3.4 µg/g. The fungal isolates were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mercury uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma for the mobilization of mercury in those contaminated soils.

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Background: Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. Methods: In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (8690) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (713). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Conclusions: Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM

Key issues on Chilean teacher education from the perspective of teachers and administrators

Teacher education in Chile and the issues that intersect it are nowadays in the public debate of the Chilean society. This study aims at analyze key issues on teacher education- research, innovation, continuous education, university-school relationship, and management- from the perspective of academics, school-teachers and administrators. The study was conducted on 222 participants from Chilean universities and schools in the context of a non-experimental research design of cross-sectional and descriptive nature. The surveys and semi-structured interviews results show that it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between schools and universities, train teachers that achieve effective performances in the current socio-educational contexts and create the conditions for teachers to do research of their own pedagogical practices.</p

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital : prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (86-90) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (7-13). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0038-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Factores, causas y perspectivas de la obesidad infantil en México

This work is a review of the information about childhood obesity in Mexico from 2000 to 2012. Obesity is a public health problem, which has recently reached epidemic proportions in some countries. This pathology is the main problem of adult malnutrition and has dramatically increased in children, since it is estimated that over 40 million children have overweight or obesity. It involves several factors such as genetic, metabolic, psychosocial and environmental ones. As a result, it is difficult to distinguish their influence in different cases. However, a well-recognized factor in the development of childhood obesity is the media, which promotes a sedentary lifestyle. Childhood obesity is a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease in adults, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes Type II. (MÉD.UIS. 2013;26(1)59:68). &nbsp;Este escrito comprende una revisión bibliográfica sobre la obesidad infantil en México desde el año 2000 a 2012. La obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública la cual recientemente ha alcanzado proporciones de epidemia en algunos países. Esta patología constituye el principal problema de malnutrición en el adulto y es una enfermedad que ha aumentado notoriamente en la población infantil, ya que se calcula que más de 40 millones de niños padecen sobrepeso u obesidad. Es un trastorno multifactorial en cuya etiopatogenia están implicados factores genéticos, metabólicos, psicosociales y ambientales, por lo que es difícil distinguir en cada caso en particular la importancia relativa de estos factores. La obesidad infantil es uno de los factores de riesgo vinculados al aumento de enfermedad cardiovascular en el adulto, junto con la hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y diabetes tipo II; se ha identificado que un factor importante en el desarrollo de la obesidad infantil es la influencia de los medios electrónicos que promueven un estilo de vida básicamente sedentario. (MÉD.UIS. 2013;26(1)59:68). &nbsp