Captación de agua de lluvia en la Mixteca Poblana de México

En la región Mixteca Poblana de México, se ubica una de las Microrregiones de Atención Prioritaria (MAP), del Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas (Colpos-México) Campus Puebla, y presenta serias restricciones para la producción agrícola y pecuaria, debido a la falta de agu

Economic impact of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) ON Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, and its management in the southwestern of Puebla, Mexico

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) and the sorghum crop profitability in Western Puebla, Mexico. Considering the management practices application-index (IAPM), related to the control practices suggested by the State Plant Health Committee (CESAVEG) was obtained. Design/methodology/approximation: Data on socioeconomic aspects of the producer and the production units were collected. The questionnaire was applied to producers affilliated to PROAGRO. Results are shown using descriptive statistics. Results: The aphid infestation in sorghum had its most relevant effect on yield during 2014-2016. Income obtained from sorghum sales is decreasing due to a downward trend in the purchase price per ton. After the arrival of M. sacchari the primary control strategy was to increase the number of insecticide applications, increasing production costs. Limitations of the study/implications: Since producers' incomes do not depend solely on sorghum production, the effect of the pest on their economy was relatively minor. Findings/conclusions: The management practices application index indicates a moderate use of the recommended practices to manage this pest. The B/C ratio suggests that even after the establishment of M. sacchari, sorghum is still a profitable activity.Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari)and the sorghum crop profitability in Western Puebla, Mexico, considering themanagement practices application-index (IAPM), related to the control practicessuggested by the State Plant Health Committee (CESAVEG).Design/Methodology/Approach: Data on socioeconomic aspects of the producer andthe production units were collected. The questionnaire was applied to producersaffiliated to PROAGRO. Results are shown using descriptive statistics.Results: The aphid infestation in sorghum had its most relevant effect on yield during2014-2016. Income obtained from sorghum sales is decreasing due to a downwardtrend in the purchase price per ton. After the arrival of M. sacchari the primary controlstrategy was to increase the number of insecticide applications, increasing productioncosts.Limitations of the study/implications: Since producers; incomes do not depend solely on sorghum production, the effect of the pest on their economy was relatively minor. Findings/Conclusions: The management practices application index indicates amoderate use of the recommended practices to manage this pest. The B/C ratiosuggests that even after the establishment of M. sacchari, sorghum is still a profitableactivity

Evaluation of seed vigor of corn (Zea mays L.) by the precocity of the primary root emission

Com a finalidade de se estudar a variação do desenvolvimento radicular inicial em sementes de milho Zea mays L.) foram estimados índices de precocidade de emissão da raiz primária (PER), nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30°C, como parâmetros para se determinar a qualidade fisiológica de lotes destinados à comercialização. Esses índices foram comparados com métodos tradicionais de laboratório para avaliação de vigor e com a emergência de plântulas no campo a fim de verificar o grau de correlação entre os mesmos. Para a pesquisa utilizou-se amostras de vinte lotes, sem tratamento fungicida, do híbrido AG-510, produzidas na safra 94/95, pela Empresa Agroceres, unidade de Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, no estado de São Paulo. Os ensaios foram realizados no Departamento de Agricultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, em Piracicaba, SP., durante três épocas: janeiro, abril e julho de 1996. A análise estatística e a interpretação dos resultados revelaram que o novo teste PER, a 20 e 25°C, mostrou-se satisfatório, nas três épocas em que foi empregado, para classificar com regularidade os diferentes materiais utilizados na pesquisa. Evidenciou, também, uma correlação altamente significativa com os testes mais usados para se determinar a qualidade de sementes de milho, como o teste de frio e o de condutividade elétrica. Já o teste PER-30°C não apresentou as mesmas virtudes. Com base nesses resultados concluiu-se que a precocidade de emissão da raiz primária, à 20 e 25°C, pode ser de grande utilidade para avaliação de vigor de sementes de milho.The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in the emergence of seed radicles of com (Zea mays L.), under different temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C), and to establish indexes of the primary root emission (PER) to test the vigor of commercial seed lots. The indexes were compared to traditional laboratory and field methods of testing for physiological fitness of seeds. For this research samples of com seeds (not treated with fungicide) were taken from twenty different lots of the hybrid AG- 510 produced in the 94/95 growing season by Agroceres (Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, SP. Brazil). The experiments were conducted during January, April and July of 1996 in the Department of Agriculture at the School of Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP. Brazil. Statistical analysis and interpretation showed that the results obtained using the PER at 20 and 25°C were consistent and reproducible. Furthermore, this research showed a significant correlation to other tests used to determine seed quality, such as the cold test and the electrical conductivity test. Emission of the Primary Root (PER) at 30°C was representative, but could not be correlated with important seed quality tests. Based upon these results, we conclude that the Primary Root Emission at 20 e 25°C can be of great value in evaluating the vigor of com seeds

Evaluation of seed vigor of corn (Zea mays L.) by the precocity of the primary root emission

Com a finalidade de se estudar a variação do desenvolvimento radicular inicial em sementes de milho Zea mays L.) foram estimados índices de precocidade de emissão da raiz primária (PER), nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30°C, como parâmetros para se determinar a qualidade fisiológica de lotes destinados à comercialização. Esses índices foram comparados com métodos tradicionais de laboratório para avaliação de vigor e com a emergência de plântulas no campo a fim de verificar o grau de correlação entre os mesmos. Para a pesquisa utilizou-se amostras de vinte lotes, sem tratamento fungicida, do híbrido AG-510, produzidas na safra 94/95, pela Empresa Agroceres, unidade de Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, no estado de São Paulo. Os ensaios foram realizados no Departamento de Agricultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, em Piracicaba, SP., durante três épocas: janeiro, abril e julho de 1996. A análise estatística e a interpretação dos resultados revelaram que o novo teste PER, a 20 e 25°C, mostrou-se satisfatório, nas três épocas em que foi empregado, para classificar com regularidade os diferentes materiais utilizados na pesquisa. Evidenciou, também, uma correlação altamente significativa com os testes mais usados para se determinar a qualidade de sementes de milho, como o teste de frio e o de condutividade elétrica. Já o teste PER-30°C não apresentou as mesmas virtudes. Com base nesses resultados concluiu-se que a precocidade de emissão da raiz primária, à 20 e 25°C, pode ser de grande utilidade para avaliação de vigor de sementes de milho.The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in the emergence of seed radicles of com (Zea mays L.), under different temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C), and to establish indexes of the primary root emission (PER) to test the vigor of commercial seed lots. The indexes were compared to traditional laboratory and field methods of testing for physiological fitness of seeds. For this research samples of com seeds (not treated with fungicide) were taken from twenty different lots of the hybrid AG- 510 produced in the 94/95 growing season by Agroceres (Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, SP. Brazil). The experiments were conducted during January, April and July of 1996 in the Department of Agriculture at the School of Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP. Brazil. Statistical analysis and interpretation showed that the results obtained using the PER at 20 and 25°C were consistent and reproducible. Furthermore, this research showed a significant correlation to other tests used to determine seed quality, such as the cold test and the electrical conductivity test. Emission of the Primary Root (PER) at 30°C was representative, but could not be correlated with important seed quality tests. Based upon these results, we conclude that the Primary Root Emission at 20 e 25°C can be of great value in evaluating the vigor of com seeds

Perfiles de creación de microempresas en las zonas rurales: el caso de Santa Bárbara Almoloya, Cholula, Puebla

Actualmente el emprendimiento tiene gran importancia, tanto para emprendedores como para instituciones públicas y privadas. La creación de empresas se vuelve un tema de investigación importante. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las diferencias que existen entre la manera de crear las microempresas. El trabajo se desarrolló en la comunidad de Santa Bárbara Almoloya con 73 microempresarios. Mediante un cuestionario se levantó la información necesaria y se han podido formar cuatro grupos que se diferencian entre sí, tanto en capitales financiero, social y humano como en motivaciones. Se concluye que los objetivos y el capital financiero son los elementos indispensables para la creación de las microempresas, pero este último pierde su importancia si las personas tienen un nivel de capital social alto. Las implicaciones de este trabajo sirven para los interesados en la promoción del emprendimiento en el medio rural, como instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF), gobierno e investigadores, así como futuros emprendedores.Presently, business venture is very important, both for entrepreneurs and for public and private institutions. The creation of businesses becomes an important research theme. The objective of this study is to determine the differences there are between ways of creating microenterprises. The work was developed in the community of Santa Bárbara Almoloya with 73 micro entrepreneurs. The necessary information was obtained through a questionnaire and four groups have been established which differentiate between them, both in financial, social and human capitals, and in motivations. It is concluded that the objectives and the financial capital are the essential elements for the creation of microenterprises, although the latter loses its importance if people have a high level of social capital. The implications of this work serve for those interested in the promotion of business venture in the rural environment, such as microfinance institutions (MFI), governments and researchers, as well as future entrepreneurs

Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla

Actualmente existen opciones biológicamente sustentables que pueden sustituir parcialmente la fertilización sintética de los cultivos, disminuyendo los costos de producción. Para evaluar la respuesta de 18 variedades de maíz a la fertilización sintética (FQ), fertilización sintética más inoculante (FQB) y fertilización sintética más composta (FQC), en 2010 se establecieron dos experimentos en condiciones de temporal en el valle de Puebla, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones, a las parcelas grandes se les asignó el tipo de fertilización y en las parcelas chicas se integraron los genotipos de maíz. No se encontraron diferencias en rendimiento de grano y rastrojo por tipo de fertilización. Los resultados mostraron interacción de las variedades con los tipos de fertilización y localidad. En la interacción variedad por tipo de fertilización se encontró que el 55.6% de las variedades mostró mayores rendimientos con FQC, mientras que el 27.8% con FQB y el 16.7% con FQ. En San Andrés Calpan se obtuvieron los mayores rendimientos de rastrojo con FQC (8.8 Mg ha 1) mientras que en San Pedro Tlaltenango estos se obtuvieron con la FQB (15.3 Mg ha 1) y FQ (15.4 Mg ha 1). El empleo combinado de fertilizante sintético con inoculantes o composta mantiene e incrementa los rendimientos de grano y rastrojo al obtenido sólo con la fertilización sintética

Phase II Trial of Palbociclib in Recurrent Retinoblastoma-Positive Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma: A Study from the Spanish Group for Research in Neuro-Oncology (GEINO)

[Background]: The cell cycle checkpoint G1/S, dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 amplification/overexpression and retinoblastoma phosphorylation, is altered in most anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs). [Objective]: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of palbociclib, an oral inhibitor of CDK4/6 with proven efficacy in breast cancer, in patients with AO. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 6 months. [Patients and Methods]: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of palbociclib in patients with AO who progressed on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with histologically and molecularly confirmed grade 3 oligodendroglioma and conserved retinoblastoma protein (pRb) expression by immunohistochemistry. Patients were treated with palbociclib (125 mg/day) for 3/1 weeks on/off. [Results]: Overall, 34 patients were enrolled across 10 hospitals in the Spanish Group of Neuro-Oncology (GEINO) study. The study was stopped early owing to the lack of efficacy, with 74% of evaluable patients progressing within 6 months, which was insufficient to consider palbociclib as an active drug in this population. Within the median follow-up of 12 months, the median progression-free survival was 2.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–3.1] and the median overall survival was 32.1 months (95% CI 5.1–59.2). There were no partial or complete responses; only 13 patients (38%) achieved stable disease as the best response. Palbociclib was well tolerated, with neutropenia (grade 3 or higher: 58.8%) and thrombocytopenia (grade 3 or higher: 14.7%) as the most common adverse events (AEs). Both AEs had no significant impact. [Conclusion]: Despite the good tolerance, palbociclib monotherapy did not show favorable efficacy against recurrent AO.Palbociclib was provided by Pfizer under a cooperative research agreement with the Spanish Group for Research in NeuroOncology (GEINO). Funding research was supported by Pfzer under the Investigator-Initiated Research Award, number WI174842